LI  B  RAR.Y 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 
Of    ILLINOIS 


CIRCULATING 


CHECK  FOR  UNBOUND 
r?ROUUTING  COPY 


.CIRCULATING 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS, 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

URBANA,  JULY,  1896. 


BULLETIN  NO.  45. 


VARIETIES  OE  APPLES. 


THE  APPLE  ORCHARD. 

The  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Illinois  early  expressed  their 
belief  in  the  value  of  experimental  work  in  agriculture,  and  one 
of  the  farms  which  came  into  their  possession  was  almost  from  the 
first  known  as  the  "Experimental  Farm." 

From  the  Trustees'  Report  for  1869,  p. 46,  the  following  is  quoted: 

In  regard  to  the  orchard  proper,  the  most  important  feature  that  we  now  recom- 
mend, is  the  procuring  and  planting  of  samples  of  all  the  improved  varieties  of  fruits  for 
identification  and  comparison, — a  sort  of  fruit  tree  museum  of  varieties  that  will  he  at  all 
times  accessible  for  reference. 

With  this  thought  in  mind  a  great  many  varieties  of  apples  and 
other  fruits  were  obtained  and  planted, — how  many  will  never  be 
known.  In  the  Trustees'  Report  for  1870,  p.  44,  Dr.  J.M.  Gregory 
says,  under  date  of  March  8th,  that  there  were  planted  the  last 
spring  in  the  apple  orchard  2,193  trees  of  about  1,200  varieties,  and 
about  600  trees  were  set  in  the  nursery  till  the  drainage  of  some 
wet  places  would  permit  them  to  be  planted  in  the  orchard. 

In  this  same  report,  p.  63,  Mr.  H.  K.  Vickroy,  who  held  the 
position  of  orchardist,  says  : 

The  trees  of  this  orchard  were  purchased  of  A.  M.  Lawver,  South  Pass  [now 
Cobden],  111.,  the  fall  of  1868  and  heeled  on  the  University  grounds  until  the  following 
spring.  Roots  were  badly  infested  with  *  Pemphigus  pyri.  Fitch,  causing  knotty  excre- 
sences  on  the  roots,  commonly,  but  incorrectly,  called  in  Illinois  the  '*  Woolly  Aphis."  In 
the  spring  before  planting  in  the  orchard  we  washed  the  roots  clean  and  immersed  them 
in  strong  lye  and  heeled  in  again  until  the  ground  was  prepared  to  receive  them.  The 

*Schezoneura  laingera  (Hansen),  apple-root  plant-louse. 

297 


298  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  [7^/7, 

groun  1  was  deeply  plowed  and  thrown  in  ridges,  upon  which  the  trees  were  set  about  the 
same  depth  they  stood  in  the  nursery,  in  quincunx  order,  *24  feet  each  way,  every  tenth 
row  being  left  for  a  row  of  evergreens.  *  *  *  Planted  2,193  trees,  about  1,000  known 
varieties.  *  *  *  We  planted  in  nursery  about  600  apple  trees,  one  to  three  years  old, 
for  the  purpose  of  filling  in  wet  places  in  the  orchard  when  drained,  and  replacing  any 
that  might  die. 

On  page  76  the  Standing  Committee  on  Horticulture  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  reported: 

Of  the  3,000  apple  trees  obtained  from  A.  M.  Lawver,  supposed  to  embrace  about 
l, SCO  varieties,  2,180  were  planted  permanently  in  orchard,  and  the  remainder  set  in 
nursery  to  be  planted  the  present  season. 

In  the  report  for  1871,  p.  67,  Dr.  Gregory  says  that  the  apple 
orchard  now  contains  2,319  trees,  embracing  about  1,180  varieties, 
and  on  p.  93  Dr.  Burrill  says  that  the  orchard  has  certainly  done 
well. 

In  the  report  for  1872,  p.  96,  Dr.  Burrill  states  that  Cooper's 
early  white,  Rambo,  and  a  seedling  of  the  red  Siberian  crab,  have 
each  borne  fruit.  In  the  same  connection  there  is  given  a  list  of 
the  varieties  of  apples  in  the  orchard  at  that  time.  This  list  con- 
tains 993  names. 

In  the  sixth  report,  1873,  p.  91,  the  following  statements  are 
made  by  Dr.  Burrill: 

There  were  eighty -nine  varieties  bore  from  one  apple  to  one-half  peck  each  ;  but 
quite  a  number  of  them,  where  there  were  only  one  or  two  specimens  on  a  tree,  dropped 
off  before  maturity,  and  some  were  stolen,  so  we  could  not  tell  whether  they  were  true  to 
name  or  not.  We  found  several  instances  where  they  were  labeled  with  different 
names,  proving  to  be  the  same  thing.  About  two-thirds  of  what  bore  were  summer 
fruit.  We  found  nothing  worthy  of  special  mention,  without  it  is  a  seedling  of  the 
Siberian  crab,  which  has  borne  fruit  for  the  past  three  seasons.  The  fruit  is  as  large  as 
the  Transcendent,  and  of  fine  quality,  and  an  abundant  bearer. 

Almost  all  the  trees  have  made  a  good  growth.     Several  varieties  have  died. 

We  still  find  occasionally  the  apple-root  plant-louse  above  and  below  the  surface 
of  the  ground. 

In  the  seventh  report,  1874,  p.  25,  is  found  this  phrase:  "An 
apple  orchard  of  1,200  varieties  is  beginning  to  bear,"  and  on  page 
90  Dr.  Gregory,  in  his  report  to  the  Trustees,  says:  "  The  reports 
of  Mr.  Vickroy  on  the  orchards,  the  small  fruit  plantations,  and 
the  forest  plantations  are  full  of  valuable  facts  and  suggestions." 
This  report  was  not  published  and  there  is  no*  further  mention  of 
it.  The  manuscript  has  not  been  preserved. 

In  the  eighth  report,  p.  140,  Dr.  Burrill  says: 

I  submit  the  following  as  the  report  for  the  Department  of  Horticulture  for  the 
six  months  ending  September  i,  1875: 

Agreeable  to  instructions  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  the  south  half  of  the  apple 
orchard  has  been  replowed,  so  as  to  level  the  ground  formerly  thrown  into  ridges.  The 
trees  have  undoubtedly  suffered  some  by  so  doing,  but  the  wet  season  has  been  very 

*The  trees  were  really  planted  20  feet  apart  instead  of  24  as  reported. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  399 

favorable  for  them.     Quite  a  number  of  trees  from  the  low  and  wet  places  were  taken  up 
and  those  seemingly  worth  it  were  transplanted  in  the  old  rows  where  trees  were  missing. 

This  transplanting  from  the  low  ground  to  that  better  drained 
was  undoubtedly  done  at  the  time  indicated,  but  no  further  record 
of  it  has  been  preserved,  so  that  there  is  no  means  of  knowing  just 
what  trees  were  taken  up  and  reset,  or  where  they  were  planted. 
In  several  cases  in  the  record  trees  are  reported  dead,  and  without 
any  explanation  or  notice  of  replanting  the  record  goes  on  giving 
dates  of  leafing,  blooming,  and  fruiting.  No  doubt  some  of  the 
trees  spoken  of  as  having  been  transplanted  in  1875  were  put  in 
these  places. 

In  this  same  volume,  p.  199,  Dr.  Burrill  says  in  his  report  for 
September,  1876: 

The  apple  orchard  has  attracted  considerable  attention  during  the  summer  from 
the  number  of  trees  in  fruit.  Most  of  the  trees  upon  the  dry  ground  are  in  fine  condi- 
tion, having  recovered  from  the  severe  trial  of  the  winter  of  1872-3.  Those  planted  on 
low,  wet  ground  have  usually  died  or  are  now  diseased  and  worthless.  The  north  side 
of  the  east  and  west  road  appears  better  than  the  south  side,  owing,  it  is  thought,  to  the 
difference  in  .treatment.  Previous  to  the  spring  of  1873  the  cultivation  for  both  was  the 
same,  but  at  this  date  clover  was  sown  upon  the  north  side  and  corn-  grown  again  upon 
the  south.  The  following  spring  (1874)  clover  was  sown  upon  all  not  previously 
seeded,  but  the  stand  being  poor  the  land  was  again  plowed  in  1875  and  corn  planted. 
So  for  1876,  objections  having  been  made  to  the  ridges  upon  which  the  trees  were 
planted,  the  earth  was  thrown  by  the  plow  away  from  them,  and  the  two  summers  proving 
wet  the  trees  suffered.  More  of  these  have  been  injured  by  the  wind  than  'elsewhere,  the 
roots  having  little  hold  upon  the  ground. 

So  far  as  examinations  have  been  made  most  of  those  fruiting  prove  true  to  name. 
Some  kinds  not  generally  cultivated  in  the  vicinity  give  promise  of  much  value,  but  the 
most  of  those  unknown  to  fruit  growers  seem  to  be  unworthy  of  extensive  planting. 
Quite  a  number  of  kinds  show  twig  blight  this  season,  and  many  of  the  apples  are 
scabby  from  a  fungus.  But  these  troubles  may  not  occur  during  drier  summers. 
Records  of  the  earlier  varieties  have  not  been  fully  kept  this  year  from,  in  part,  the 
centennial  visits  and  from  the  pilfering  of  visitors  to  the  orchard.  *  *  *  On  September 
8th  there  were  340  trees  in  fruit,  embracing  about  300  varieties. 

The  next  published  account  of  the  orchard  is  found  in  the 
tenth  report,  and  is  for  the  season  of  1878.  In  it  Dr.  Burrill  says : 

Very  little  fruit  was  obtained  from  the  apple  orchard,  and  but  few  specimens  from 
the  small  amount  produced  were  perfectly  sound.  Other  orchards  in  the  vicinity,  with 
rare  exceptions,  did  but  little  if  any  better,  but  many  others  do  present  a  better  appear- 
ance in  the  uniformity  and  healthfulness  of  the  trees.  It  cannot  be  expected  that  a 
thousand  varieties  of  untried  fruits  will  succeed  so  well  as  a  few  chosen  kinds;  yet 
people  forget  this  fact  when  comparing  tlis  experimental  orchard  with  others.  The 
land  is,  in  many  places,  too  wet  for  apples,  and  the  trees  suffer  accordingly.  Some  are 
plainly  injured  by  the  exposure  of  their  roots  in  plowing. 

The  orchard  can  never  become  a  profitable  one  in  the  ordinary  sense ;  yet  the 
great  value  of  even  one  variety  of  fruit,  better  for  the  locality  than  any  usually  planted, 
should  such  a  one  be  found,  warrants  the  continuance  of  the  trial.  But  the  trees  are 
now  so  large  that  a  limited  number  of  cattle  and  hogs  pasturing  among  them  would 
scarcely  do  any  damage.  There  are  evergreens  which  might  be  molested,  and  the  plant- 
ing of  young  trees  to  fill  up  spaces  would  be  prevented,  but,  on  the  whole,  it  is  here 


300  BULLETIN   NO.    45. 

recommended    that  a  fence  be  put   across   the  east   side,   and    the  land  prepared   for 
pasturage. 

In  December,  1879,  Dr.  Burrill  made  the  following  statement 
(see  tenth  report,  p.  209): 

A  summary  of  the  record  of  the  Experimental  Apple  Orchard  is  presented  here, 
believing  it  to  be  of  interest. 

Fruit  was  gathered,  and  a  record  made  of  four  hundred  and  seven  (407)  varieties. 
A  few  of  the  earliest  kinds  were  missed,  owing  to  the  pressure  of  other  labors  and  the 
propensity  of  visitors,  etc.,  to  help  themselves. 

Taken  together,  the  apples  were  smoother  and  better  than  they  have  been  in  any 
preceding  year.  Though  the  quantity  upon  each  tree  was  usually  small,  the  total 
amount  was  greater  than  heretofore  in  any  one  year.  The  trees,  too,  with  one  exception, 
to  be  hereafter  noticed,  are  apparently  in  better  condition  than  for  several  years  back. 

Whether  any  one  kind  not  usually  cultivated  will  prove  better  than  those  com- 
monly grown  in  the  vicinity  cannot  yet  be  determined ;  but  this  year's  fruiting  gave 
much  more  promise  than  heretofore  of  several  valuable  new  kinds.  *  *  * 

Taking  the  whole  orchard  together,  the  following  percentages  are  made  from  the 
fruiting  trees,  the  size  of  the  trees  being  considered : 

Bearing  only  a  few  apples,  82  per  cent. 

Bearing  an  average  crop,  12  per  cent. 

Bearing  a  large  crop,  6  per  cent. 

Ripening  in  October  or  earlier,  29  per  cent. 

Ripening  later  than  November  1,71  per  cent. 

Following  the  winter  of  1876-7,  quite  a  number  of  trees  died  or  showed  signs  of 
severe  injury,  and  the  same  difficulty  has  shown  itself  to  a  less  extent  this  season.  In 
the  country  at  large,  it  appears  this  trouble  is  much  more  prevalent  than  has  ever  here- 
tofore been  reported,  and,  from  my  investigations,  proves  to  be  the  same  as  witnessed 
now  and  previously  in  the  University  orchard.  Apple  trees  are  subject  to  very  many 
diseases,  and  injuries  and  death  or  unhealthiness  results  from  many  causes,  requiring 
careful  examination  and  accurate  knowledge  to  determine.  In  this  case  the  injury  is 
confined  to  the  trunk  above  the  surface  of  the  ground,  usually  extending  upward  not 
more  than  one  foot,  but  sometimes  reaching  and  even  extending  over  the  larger  branches. 
It  is  not  confined  to  any  side,  but  occurs  more  often  on  the  southwest.  In  early  spring, 
little  or  no  evidence  is  apparent  of  injury.  The  tree  puts  forth  its  leaves  as  usual,  and 
the  setting  of  fruit  is  not  interfered  with.  But,  by  the  middle  of  summer  the  whole 
tree  looks  sickly,  and  often  dies  with  its  leaves  and  fruit  attached  or  not. 

The  bark  of  the  injured  portion  is  separated  from  the  wood  and  dies.  Sometimes 
anew  bark  is  formed  beneath,  and  the  tree  survives.  If  the  part  thus  affected  is  not 
large,  little  damage  is  done,  and  the  wound  may  become  entirely  covered  by  anew  growth. 

The  cause  is  the  freezing  of  the  trunk  when  in  peculiar  conditions  as  to  the  abund- 
ance and  fluidity  of  the  sap.  The  injury  is  thus  a  mechanical  one,  and  is  attended  with 
precisely  the  same  phenomena  as  when  such  a  wound  is  made  by  man.  We  have  noticed 
that  trees  of  the  same  variety  are  usually  similarly  affected.  In  the  country  at  large  it 
is  the  Rawle's  Janet  this  year  of  which  there  is  the  most  complaint,  yet  this  has  usually 
been  considered  hardy.  So  some  of  the  new  kinds  m  the  University  orchard  thus  in- 
jured need  not  be  discarded  on  this  account. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  301 

PESTS. 

As  has  been  already  stated,  the  roots  of  the  trees  received 
were  badly  infested  with  the  apple-root  plant-louse  and  the  roots 
were  washed  and  then  immersed  in  strong  lye,  the  object  being  to 
destroy  the  louse.  The  remedy  used  was  apparently  not  effective, 
because  Dr.  Burrill  says  in  his  report  for  1872:  "We  still  find 
occasionally  the  apple-root  plant-louse."  Since  then  the  louse  has 
increased  greatly  in  numbers  so  that  none  of  the  trees  seem  to 
have  been  free  from  them  for  at  least  ten  years,  and  in  many  cases 
all  the  surface  roots,  to  a  depth  of  8  to  10  inches,  have  been  badly 
infested ;  so  badly  in  some  cases  that  that  alone  might  be  taken  as 
a  sufficient  reason  for  the  trees  bearing  no  better. 

The  oyster  shell  bark-louse  was  at  one  time  very  abundant ; 
but  that  has  now  almost  disappeared  and  the  scurfy  bark-louse  has 
taken  its  place,  and  on  some  trees  is  very  abundant.  The  apple 
leaf  hopper  has  often  been  in  sufficient  numbers  to  cause  consider- 
able injury.  Of  leaf  eating  insects  the  most  constantly  trouble- 
some has  been  the  apple  leaf  crumpler.  Others  have  done  more 
or  less  damage  occasionally  but  none  of  them  seem  to  have  per- 
sisted through  a  series  of  years.  Except  for  the  year  1888,  the 
coddling  moth  seems  to  have  been  a  serious  pest  all  the  time. 

SOIL  TREATMENT. 

Previous  to  the  fall  of  1888,  the  whole  orchard  had  been  seeded 
to  clover.  That  fall  it  was  recommended  that  the  orchard  be 
fenced  in  and  the  land  prepared  for  pasture.  This  was  done,  and 
the  land  was  pastured  or  mowed  until  1888.  The  clover  was  soon 
driven  out  by  Kentucky  blue  grass,  so  that  when  the  present  Ex- 
periment Station  management  came  into  possession  there  was  a 
close  blue  grass  sod  over  the  whole  orchard.  In  the  spring  of 
1888,  nearly  one-half  the  orchard  was  put  in  cultivation  and  has 
been  kept  so  since.  The  remainder  is  still  in  blue  grass  sod. 

IDENTITY  OF  VARIETIES. 

It  is  not  known  just  how  many  varieties  of  apples  were 
planted.*  In  one  place  it  is  stated  that  the  trees  obtained  of  Mr. 
Lawyer  were  supposed  to  embrace  about  1,500  varieties.  In 
another  place  it  is  stated  that  about  1,200  varieties  had  been 
already  planted.  The  number  is  given  in  another  place  as  about 
1,180,  in  another  place  1,000.  At  another  time  the  published  list 

*The  orchard  record  at  present  contains  1,264  names,  but  of  these,  some  at  least 
seem  never  to  have  been  planted.  Some  are  given  as  having  been  planted  in  rows  of 
which  there  is  no  further  record  and  of  which  no  one  has  any  recollection.  Some  of 
these  latter  varieties  have  been  found  growing  in  scattered  parts  of  the  orchard  where 
they  were  supposed  to  have  been  planted  for  something  else. 


302  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

of  varieties  actually  planted  contained  993  names.  While  the 
greater  part  of  the  varieties  planted  were  obtained  from  Mr. 
Lawver,  many  were  received  from  other  sources. 

Dr.  Burrill  says  in  1876  that  so  far  as  examinations  have  been 
made,  most  of  the  varieties  fruiting  prove  true  to  name;  but  in 
his  report  for  1879  he  says  there  are  44  varieties,  out  of  a  total  of 
407  that  are  said  to  have  fruited,  which  were  considered  to  be  not 
true  to  name.  From  later  and  more  careful  study  it  is  believed 
that  10  per  cent,  is  a  low  estimate  of  the  proportionate  number  of 
varieties  not  true  to  name.  At  least  one  of  the  sources  of  error 
in  naming  is  to  be  found  in  taking  up  trees  from  one  place  and 
planting  in  another  without  the  proper  change  having  been  made 
in  the  record.  From  the  general  character  of  some  of  the  trees 
and  fruit  it  would  seem  that  some  of  the  cions  had  failed  to  grow, 
and  that  the  roots  on  which  they  were  grafted  had  grown  and  been 
set  out  for  the  varieties.  There  were  several  cases  in  which  the  fruit 
borne  was  so  inferior  as  to  be  unworthy  of  attention  at  any  place. 
There  seems  to  be  scarcely  any  room  to  doubt  that  the  varieties 
as  received  from  some  of  the  sources  were  more  or  less  mixed. 

But  the  question  of  identity  is  a  difficult  one  to  decide,  except 
on  intimate  personal  acquaintance  with  the  variety.  There  are 
individual  characters  which  it  is  impossible  to  describe  accurately 
or  minutely,  but  which  nevertheless  distinguish  the  variety.  These 
are  seldom  all  present  in  the  same  specimen.  In  fact,  it  is  not 
uncommon  to  find  a  number  of  specimens  together,  all  of  which 
lack  some  one  very  characteristic  mark.  As  a  rule,  the  more 
minute  the  description  given  of  a  variety,  the  more  likely  it  is  to 
fall  into  error.  This  comes  from  individual  variation, —  there  are 
not  two  apples  exactly  alike,  from  variation  with  the  season, — 
apples  grown  on  the  same  tree  are  not  the  same  in  their  minor 
characteristics  year  after  year  ;  and  from  soil  peculiarities,  climatic, 
or  other  differences, — apples  grown  in  one  locality  are  different  in 
form,  quality,  or  other  characters  from  those  grown  in  another. 
Apples  grown  on  one  tree  are  different  from  those  grown  on 
another. 

Descriptions  which  we  have  made  of  the  same  variety  in  dif- 
ferent seasons  have  varied  more  or  less.  Sometimes  enough 
difference  is  found  between  descriptions  to  justify  one  in  thinking 
they  were  made  for  different  varieties.  In  more  than  one  instance 
varieties  as  planted  have  been  considered  at  one  time  true  to 
name,  and  at  another  not  true.  There  may  be  two  or  three  rea- 
sons for  this.  The  judgment  of  one  person  may  not  agree  with 
the  judgment  of  another  as  to  the  amount  of  variation  from  the 
published  description  which  is  to  be  allowed,  and  the  judgment  of 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  303 

the  same  person  is  apt  to  change  as  a  more  mature  study  of  varie- 
ties is  made.  The  fruits  of  the  same  variety  do  vary  one  year 
with  an  another,  so  that  fruit  which  may  seem  to  agree  very  well 
one  year  with  descriptions  as  published,  will  not  another.  Fruit 
which  is  undoubtedly  of  the  same  variety  is  not  always  the  same 
on  different  trees.  Summer  pruned  royal  on  one  tree  has  been 
constantly  larger  than  on  another  which  has  been  grown  under 
similar  conditions,  and  at  the  same  time  the  tree  bearing  the  larg- 
est fruit  has  been  also  the  more  productive.  Jefferies  on  different 
trees  has  varied  considerably.  One  tree  has  been  much  larger 
than  the  other  and  has  borne  fuller  crops  but  of  smaller,  fruit. 
Other  instances  could  be  given.  Whether  this  is  from  a  soil  differ- 
ence, bud  variation,  or  from  the  effect  of  the  root  on  which  the 
variety  was  put  need  not  here  be  considered.  There  is  reason  to 
believe  that  all  these  things  have  their  influence. 

There  may  have  been  a  difference  in  the  authorities  con- 
sulted. Among  the  three  writers  who  are  commonly  recognized 
in  this  country  as  standard  authority,  Downing,  Warder,  and 
Thomas,  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find  descriptions  of  a  variety 
which  seems  almost  contradictory,  as  when  one  says  "flesh,  white  " 
and  another  says  "  flesh,  yellowish."  (See  fall  pippin,  Downing 
and  Thomas.) 

To  illustrate  further,  the  following  descriptions  of  Gravenstein 
are  taken  from  Downing,  Warder,  and  Thomas  and  another  is 
given  as  made  of  the  fruit  itself  grown  here. 

GRAVENSTEIN  (Downing). — A  superb  looking  German  apple.  *  *  *  Fruit, 
large,  rather  flattened,  and  a  little  one-sided  or  angular,  broadest  at  the  base.  Stalk, 
quite  short  and  strong,  deeply  set.  Calyx,  large,  closed,  in  a  wide,  deep,  rather  irregular 
basin.  Segments,  long,  irregular,  recurved.  Skin,  greenish  yellow  at  first,  but  becom- 
ing bright  yellow,  and  beautifully  dashed,  penciled,  and  marbled  with  light  and  deep  red 
and  orange.  Flesh,  tender  and  crisp,  with  a  high  flavored,  somewhat  aromatic  taste. 
Very  good.  September  and  October.  A  valuable  apple  for  market  or  cooking,  succeed- 
ing admirably  wherever  grown. 

GRAVENSTEIN  (Warder). — Fruit,  large,  globular-oblate,  angular.  Surface,  smooth, 
yellow,  partially  covered  with  mixed  and  splashed  scarlet;  dots,  rare.  Basin,  medium, 
regular.  Eye,  small,  closed.  Cavity,  deep,  regular.  Stem,  short.  Core,  regular,  globu- 
lar, or  pointed  toward  the  eye,  closed,  clasping.  Seeds,  small,  pointed.  Flesh,  yellow, 
fine  grained,  breaking,  juicy.  Flavor,  subacid,  aromatic.  Quality,  best.  Table  and 
kitchen.  Season,  August  and  September. 

GRAVENSTEIN  (Thomas). — Rather  large,  roundish,  slightly  oblate,  obtusely  ann 
obscurely  ribbed.  Surface,  a  little  wavy,  striped  and  splashed  with  bright  red  on  a 
yellow  ground.  Stalk,  three-quarters  of  an  inch  long.  Cavity,  rather  deep.  -Calyx, 
large.  Basin,  deep,  narrow.  Flesh,  tender,  juicy,  very  rich,  subacid  or  rather  acid, 
high  flavored.  Mid-autumn.  Productive,  handsome,  and  excellent.  Fine  in  all 
localities. 

GRAVENSTEIN  (Specimens  grown  on  the  Experiment  Station  Farm). — Fruit, 
medium  size,  oblate,  more  or  less  ribbed,  sometimes  oblique.  Color,  pale,  waxen,  yellow 


304  BULLETIN   NO.   45. 

marbled  with  light  red  and  splashed  and  striped  with  a  darker  but  still  light,  clear  red, 
running  into  lines  about  the  cavity  ;  dots,  small,  light,  inconspicuous.  Cavity,  rather 
large,  open,  with  more  or  less  russet.  Stem,  medium  to  long,  stout,  straight.  Basin, 
rather  broad,  wavy.  Calyx,  small,  open.  Core,  small,  rather  broad.  Seeds,  very  small, 
short,  and  plump.  Flesh,  cream  color,  very  tender,  breaking,  juicy,  moderately  rich, 
very  pleasant,  subacid  Very  good  in  quality.  Season,  October.  Dessert  and  kitchen. 
The  tree  is  a  rather  large,  fairly  regular  grower,  upright,  spreading,  but  a  rather  shy 
bearer.  While  the  fruit  is  handsome,  it  is  too  small  to  be  a  good  market  apple. 

LIFE  OF  THE  TREES. 

The  trees  in  this  orchard  have  been  dying  more  or  less  from 
the  time  of  planting.  It  is  usually  expected  that  some  trees  will 
die  soon  after  being  planted,  but  the  loss  of  newly  set  trees  in  this 
case  was  very  small.  Trees  planted  in  und rained  or  poorly 
drained  land  continued  to  die  for  several  years  until  all  were 
either  dead  or  had  been  moved  to  other  places.  Most  of  them 
died. 

According  to  the  report  published  for  1879  the  winter  of 
1876-7  was  very  severe  on  apple  orchards  generally.  Many  of 
the  trees  in  the  experiment  orchard  which  had  been  in  apparently 
good  health  up  to  this  time  either  died  or  were  found  to  be  in  an 
unhealthy  condition.  A  part  of  these  unhealthy  trees  soon  died, 
others  followed  later,  and  a  part  recovered. 

Again,  following  the  winter  of  1884-5,  rnany  trees  were  found 
to  be  in  a  very  unhealthy  condition,  and  many  trees  died  within 
one  or  two  years.  The  winter  of  1884-5  was  very  severe,  and 
following  it  many  whole  orchards  of  the  central  northwest  either 
died  or  were  found  to  be  so  badly  injured  as  to  be  worthless  for 
further  fruit  production.  In  the  general  mind  this  is  known  as 
winter  killing.  Perhaps  it  would  be  better  not  to  attribute  every- 
thing to  the  severity  of  the  winter.  Apple  trees  that  are  in  proper 
condition  at  the  opening  of  the  winter  are  found  able  to  endure  a 
much  lower  temperature  and  for  a  longer  period  than  those  that 
for  any  reason  are  not  in  good  condition. 

At  the  present  time  there  are  fifty-one  trees  of  thirty-five 
varieties  standing  in  the  original  orchard.  These  trees  are  for  the 
most  part  those  which  are  given  elsewhere  as  of  most  promise. 
Most  of  them  are  in  very  fair  condition,  though  there  are  several 
which  are  evidently  in  much  poorer  health  than  they  appeared  to 
be  a  year  ago.  Among  the  varieties  to  which  special  notice  is 
called  on  page  305,  those  evidently  in  poorer  health  than  last  season 
are  Red  stripe,  Sweet  bellflower  of  Wyandotte  County,  Mansfield 
russet,  Westfield  seek-no-further,  and  Royal  limbertwig.  At  least 
a  part  of  these  are  evidently  near  their  limit  of  usefulness.  The 
varieties  for  this  orchard  which  seemed  most  promising  were  in 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  3O$ 

1894  topworked  on  two-year-old  trees  of  Grimes,  Duchess,  and 
Whitney,  and  were  planted  this  last  spring  (1896)  in  a  new  orchard 
for  the  sake  of  preservation  and  further  trial. 

TESTING  VARIETIES. 

Testing  varieties  at  this  Experiment  Station  has  in  the  main 
proved  unsatisfactory.  Those  who  have  done  most  of  it  would  be 
the  most  ready  to  caution  against  placing  too  great  confidence  in 
the  results.  Where,  as  in  this  case,  well  known  standard  varieties, 
which  all  our  fruit  growers  recommend  with  confidence,  fail  either 
in  part  or  wholly,  while  others  practically  unknown  succeed,  it 
must  make  one  cautious  about  recommendations,  and  yet  the 
results  must  be  given  some  weight.  After  making  allowance  for 
varieties  behaving  differently  at  another  time  or  in  another  place, 
it  has  seemed  to  the  writer  that  if  he  were  confined  to  the  list  of 
varieties  recommended  by  the  State  Horticultural  Society  or  to 
another,  which  could  be  made  up  from  those  grown  in  the  experi- 
ment orchard,  he  would  take  the  latter.  This  would  be  especially 
true  for  the  varieties  recommended  for  summer  and  fall  use. 

The  varieties  which  have  given  promise  of  the  highest  and 
most  continuous  value  taken  in  order  of  their  season  of  ripening 
have  been  the  following,  of  which  full  descriptions  may  be  found 
on  pages  307: 

List  of  Apples  which  have  given  the  greatest  Promise,  arranged 
in  Order  of  Season. 

William  Prince,  Red  stripe,  Hicks,  Cole's  quince,  Large  yellow 
Siberian  crab,  Jefferies,  Sharp's,  Utter,  Jonathan  of  Buler,  Sweet 
bellflower  of  Wyandotte  Co.,  McLellan,  Higby  sweet,  Mansfield 
russet,  Westfield  seek-no-further,  Coon's  red,  Ned,  Indiana  favor- 
ite, and  Royal  limbertwig. 

It  must  not  be  understood  that  this  complete  list  is  recom- 
mended to  the  exclusion  of,  or  even  in  connection  with,  the 
varieties  given  by  the  State  Horticultural  Society,  even  for  this 
locality.  But  the  Red  stripe,  Hicks,  Cole's  quince,  Large  yellow 
Siberian  crab,  Jefferies,  Sweet  bellflower  of  Wyandotte  Co., 
McLellan,  Westfield  seek-no-further,  Ned,  and  Royal  limbertwig 
have  seemed  to  be  of  enough  value  to  be  recommended  for  the 
farm  orchard  to  be  planted  either  in  place  of,  or  in  addition  to, 
the  varieties  recommended  by  the  State  Horticultural  Society. 

Varieties  for  a  commercial  orchard  are  to  be  judged  on  a 
somewhat  different  basis  from  those  for  the  family  orchard.  For 
commercial  purposes  fruit  must  be  showy,  of  good  size,  uniform, 


306  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \_July, 

ripening  all  at  the  same  time,  on  the  tree,  firm  enough  to  stand 
shipment  without  serious  bruising,  and  productive.  If  to  these 
can  be  added  high  quality,  it  is  better;  but  quality  is  of  less  im- 
portance to  the  average  buyer  than  appearance.  Judged  in  this 
way,  there  have  been  few  varieties  found  that  could  take  a  place 
in  the  commercial  orchard.  Perhaps  the  one  that  promises  most 
value  as  a  commercial  variety  is  the  McLellan,  which  ripens  the 
latter  part  of  September  and  may  be  kept  until  December.  West- 
field  seek-no-further,  which  is  a  month  or  six  weeks  later,  would 
stand  next,  and  following  these  in  order  are  Royal  limbertwig  and 
Cole's  quince.  Hicks  seems  to  be  a  very  desirable  variety  where 
a  sweet  apple  of  that  season  is  wanted,  but  very  few  people  care 
for  sweet  apples  in  a  commercial  orchard. 

Of  the  varieties  which  are  recommended  by  the  State  Horti- 
cultural Society  and  which  were  planted  in  the  experiment  orchard, 
Red  Astrachan  was  not  only  a  shy  bearer,  but  the  fruit  was  usually 
more  or  less  imperfect.  Sops-of-wine  made  good  trees  and  bore 
some  very  fair  crops,  but  it  has  not  proved  so  good  a  fruit,  or  so  pro- 
ductive, as  red  stripe  of  the  same  season.  Early  harvest  scabbed 
so  badly  as  to  be  almost  beyond  recognition.  Red  June  bears 
fairly  well,  but  it  is  too  small,  and  apt  to  be  scabby.  Maiden's 
blush  would  not  have  attracted  attention  either  from  the  quality 
or  appearance  of  its  fruit.  Fall  orange  and  Lowell  have  been 
no  better  in  quality  and  have  not  borne  so  much  or  so  perfect 
fruit  as  Utter  or  Jefferies.  Jonathan  and  Grimes  are  about  the 
same  season  as  Westfield  seek-no-further ;  all  of  them  rank  among 
the  "best"  in  quality,  but  the  Westfield  has  been  decidedly  more 
productive  and  the  fruit  has  been  larger  and  usually  more  perfect. 
Winesap  as  grown  here  has  been  too  small,  liable  to  scab  and  un- 
productive. Willow  as  planted  proved  to  be  short  lived.  Minkler, 
though  making  a  good  healthy  tree,  has  always  been  unproductive. 

Of  the  varieties  which  have  been  selected  as  of  the  most 
promise,  the  larger  part  are,  according  to  the  records,  rather  tardy 
in  coming  into  bearing.  Most  of  these  trees  were  planted  in  1869. 
Others  were  planted  in  1870  and  1871.  Only  McLellan,  Higby 
sweet,  Coon's  red,  and  Ned  had  attracted  attention  as  of  probable 
value  as  early  as  1879;  Mansfield  russet,  Indiana  favorite,  and  Royal 
limbertwig  in  1884;  Jefferies,  Utter,  and  sweet  bellflower  of 
Wyandotte  Co.,  in  1886,  and  the  rest  in  1888.  But  the  fruiting 
record  of  the  orchard  is  incomplete  and  a  variety  may  have  given 
promise  of  value  earlier  than  the  record  shows. 


1896.]  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES.  307 

DESCRIPTIONS. 

In  describing  the  fruits  in  the  following  pages  the  terms 
"good,"  "very  good,"  and  "best"  have  been  used  in  reference  to 
quality.  A  few  writers  have  recently  adopted  a  numeral  system 
on  the  scale  often  to  indicate  comparative  quality  and  some  other 
characters,  but  the  former  method  has  the  sanction  of  long  use  and 
to  most  readers  the  terms  used  would  have  more  meaning  than  the 
numbers. 

A  few  apples  have  been  described  by  pomologists,  which  are 
classed  as  "poor;"  but  usually  they  say  that  an  apple  which  is  not 
"good"  is  not  worthy  of  either  introduction  or  description,  and  so 
the  lowest  quality  which  is  commonly  ascribed  to  the  apple  is 
"good,"  and  the  great  majority  of  apples  are  placed  in  this  class. 

Of  the  apples  which  Warder  characterizes  for  quality  eleven 
per  cent,  are  classed  as  "poor,"  seventy-one  per  cent,  as  "good," 
fifteen  per  cent,  as  "very  good,"  and  three  per  cent,  as  "best."  In 
Downing's  characterizations  of  quality  a  larger  per  cent,  is  classed 
as  "very  good"  and  much  smaller  percentages  as  either  "poor"  or 
"best,"  while  the  proportion  of  "good"  is  very  nearly  the  same. 

The  estimate  which  is  placed  on  the  quality  of  an  apple  is 
largely  an  arbitrary  matter  and  will  vary  with  the  taste  of  the  per- 
son. Most  people  seem  to  prefer  a  fruit  of  medium  to  one  of  very 
high  quality;  the  very  high  flavor  to  which  pomologists  give  the 
characterization  of  "best"  being  excessive  to  their  tastes.  To  many 
people  there  is  no  other  apple  that  is  equal  to  the  Rambo;  but  both 
Warder  and  Downing  class  it  as  "very  good."  I  have  heard  peo- 
ple speak  of  the  Sops-of-wine  as  one  of  the  best  of  apples;  but 
Warder  and  Downing  agree  in  classing  that  as  "good." 

It  will  be  found  that  in  estimating  quality  of  the  varieties  grown 
here,  it  has  not  in  all  cases  been  possible  to  follow  the  rating  which 
Downing  or  Warder  have  placed  on  them;  but  it  will  be  found 
too  that  they  do  not  agree  with  each  other  all  the  time.  The  fact 
that  varieties  are  not  constant  in  character  as  grown  in  different 
places  and  that  individual  judgments  are  not  the  same,  must  be 
taken  as  the  explanation. 

The  following  descriptions  have  been  made  of  the  fruits  in  the 
list  recommended,  as  they  have  been  grown  here: 

Descriptions  of  the   Varieties  of  Apples  which  have  given  most 
Promise  of  general  Usefulness. 

COLE'S  QUINCE. — Fruit,  above  medium  size  to  large,  roundish  oblate,  sometimes 
tapering  toward  the  blossom  end,  yellow,  with  prominent  white  and  russet  dots,  more  or 
less  ribbed,  and  somewhat  irregular,  sometimes  compressed.  Cavity,  large,  deep,  ribbed, 
more  or  less  russetted,  sometimes  lipped.  Stalk,  generally  short  and  stiff.  Basin,  of 


308  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

medium  size,  ribbed.  Calyx,  closed.  Core,  rather  large,  and  open.  Seeds,  large,  dark 
brown.  Flesh,  yellowish  white,  rather  coarse  grained,  tender,  juicy  when  first  ripe, 
becoming  mealy  as  it  passes  the  useful  stage,  subacid,  mild,  rather  pleasant.  Quality, 
very  good  for  cooking.  It  could  scarcely  be  classed  as  a  dessert  apple.  It  is  usually  at 
its  best  about  Aug.  loth  to  2oth.  The  fruit  ripens  up  evenly  and  may  all  be  picked  at 
once.  The  tree  is  a  very  slow,  irregular  grower,  forming  a  low,  compact  spreading  head, 
and  is  a  regular  and  abundant  bearer.  Both  tree  and  fruit  have  been  comparatively 
free  from  disease. 

The  descriptions  of  this  variety  as  given  by  Downing,  Warder,  and  Thomas  do  not 
agree  and  neither  of  them  is  the  same  as  the  above  in  all  particulars. 

COON'S  RED. — A  variety  not  described  under  this  name,  and  one  which  we  have  not 
been  able  to  trace  to  anything  else.  It  is  said  to  have  originated  in  Indiana.  The  fruit 
in  some  of  its  characters  resembles  the  Baldwin,  but  is  larger  and  more  irregular. 

Fruit,  large,  roundish  oblate,  often  oblique,  somewhat  ribbed,  or  decidedly  ribbed, 
at  the  apex.  Skin,  smooth.  Color,  pale  yellow,  mostly  covered  with  rather  rich,  red, 
slightly  marbled  or  sometimes  faintly  striped;  dots,  scattered,  russet,  or  fawn  color. 
Cavity,  deep,  rather  narrow,  more  or  less  russet,  almost  regular.  Stalk,  short,  thick, 
often  knobbed.  Basin,  broad,  more  or  less  ribbed.  Calyx  lobes,  broad,  recurved;  eye, 
very  broad,  large,  open.  Core,  small,  open.  Seeds,  stout,  very  plump,  brown.  Flesh, 
yellowish,  fine  grained,  very  tender,  breaking,  juicy,  mild,  pleasant,  subacid.  Very  good. 
Use,  dessert  or  kitchen.  Season,  from  last  of  October  to  January,  or  later.  The  tree 
has  been  among  our  best  bearers,  and  the  fruit  is  large  and  very  handsome. 

Tree,  a  fairly  large  grower,  making  a  broad,  roundish,  regular  full  head;  branches 
stiff,  somewhat  irregular  in  growth,  the  lower  horizontal. 

HICKS. — Synonym,  Buckram.  Fruit,  large,  regular,  or  somewhat  ribbed,  some- 
times compressed,  round,  yellow  or  greenish  yellow,  specked,  splashed,  and  striped 
with  dull  and  bright  red,  sometimes  almost  with  an  appearance  of  being  shaded 
with  red  ;  dots,  greenish  with  white  centers,  conspicuous.  Cavity,  of  medium  size, 
usually  russetted,  not  regular.  Stem,  medium  to  long,  variable  in  shape.  Basin, 
medium  to  large,  plaited.  Calyx,  large,  open  or  closed;  eye,  large.  Core,  somewhat 
open;  cells,  short  and  full.  Flesh,  yellowish,  juicy,  becoming  mealy  or  sometimes 
watery,  very  pleasant  sweet  taste,  moderately  rich.  Quality  scarcely  more  than  good. 
In  season  from  July  loth  to  August  loth;  season  long.  Use,  baking,  dessert,  or  stock. 
The  tree  is  an  upright,  vigorous  grower  and  a  good  bearer,  but  not  apparently  so  hardy 
as  it  should  be  for  this  locality.  The  apples  when  well  developed  have  a  fine  appear- 
ance, and  it  may  be  eaten  with  relish  when  half  grown.  Since  this  variety  first  attracted 
attention  it  has  been  one  of  our  best  and  most  regular  bearers. 

HIGBY  SWEET. — Fruit,  of  medium  size,  regular,  roundish  oblate  conic,  pale  waxen 
yellow  with  a  pale  red,  though  clear  and  handsome  blush,  and  a  thin  white  bloom ;  dots, 
scattered,  pale  or  russetted  and  cracked.  Cavity,  of  medium  size,  regular  or  sometimes 
lipped,  mone  or  less  russetted.  Stem,  medium  to  long,  slender.  Basin,  medium,  rather 
abrupt,  plaited.  Calyx,  closed.  Core,  quite  small,  closed,  regular.  Seeds,  short,  plump. 
Flesh,  quite  white,  fine  grained,  tender,  juicy,  spicy  sweet,  with  a  fine  delicate  flavor  that 
is  exceedingly  pleasant  to  the  taste.  Season,  October  and  November.  Use,  dessert. 

The  tree  is  a  fairly  regular  grower  and  has  been  a  moderate  and  regular  bearer, 
but  the  fruit  does  not  always  come  to  perfection.  When  well  grown  and  ripened,  it  is 
one  of  the  most  handsome  of  apples. 

INDIANA  FAVORITE. — Was  planted  for  Green  sweet  but  does  not  answer  to  the 
description  of  that  variety. 

Tree,  large,  spreading,  somewhat  open  and  irregular.  Many  of  the  branches  have 
a  peculiar  growth  on  them  which  reminds  one  of  the  common  toadstool  found  on  dead 
trees,  except  that  it  grows  close  to  the  branch  instead  of  extending  out. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  309 

Fruit,  medium  to  large,  flattened,  narrowing  towards  the  eye,  almost  regular,  pale 
lemon  yellow,  shaded  and  splashed  over  most  of  the  surface  with  red,  and  with  a  whitish 
over  color;  dots,  large,  rough,  irregular  in  shape.  Cavity,  above  medium,  regular,  rus- 
setted.  Stalk,  varying  from  short  and  thick  to  long  and  slender.  Basin,  usually  small, 
shallow,  plaited.  Calyx,  medium,  closed.  Core,  medium  size.  Seeds,  dark  brown, 
plump.  Flesh,  yellowish  white,  a  little  coarse,  moderately  tender,  juicy,  mild,  pleasant 
subacid,  rich,  almost,  sweet.  Very  good  in  quality.  '  Season,  from  November  to  March 
or  April  where  well  cared  for.  The  trees  have  been  fairly  regular  though  seldom  heavy 
bearers.  The  fruit  is  somewhat  similar  in  appearance  and  character  to  Minkler,  but 
is  somewhat  smaller  and  the  trees  have  been  decidedly  more  productive. 

JEFFERIES. — Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  inclining  to  conic,  regular,  pale  yel- 
low, striped,  splashed,  or  marbled  with  red,  with  blotches  of  crimson;  dots,  medium, 
light  colored,  very  conspicuous,  often  heavy  dark  or  russet.  Cavity,  medium  size,  regular, 
slightly  russetted.  Stem,  short  and  small.  Basin,  of  medium  size,  round,  regular. 
Calyx,  closed.  Flesh,  yellowish,  very  tender,  juicy,  with  a  rich,  mild,  very  pleasant 
subacid  flavor;  quality,  best  for  eating  or  cooking.  Core,  very  small.  Seeds,  large. 
Season,  August  aoth  to  September  I5th.  The  variety  has  borne  with  fair  regularity,  and 
sometimes  very  heavy  crops. 

The  tree  is  a  large  grower,  with  rather  long,  upright,  regular  branches,  vigorous, 
hardy  and  healthy. 

JONATHAN  OF  BULER. — Fruit,  rather  large,  oblate,  scarcely  regular,  somewhat 
ribbed.  Color,  greenish  yellow,  dotted,  marbled  and  splashed  or  striped  over  most  of 
the  surface  with  red,  with  a  thin  bloom  when  first  gathered;  dots,  white  or  russet,  small. 
Cavity,  rather  large,  broad,  nearly  regular,  sometimes  russetted.  Stalk,  short,  thick, 
almost  buried  in  the  cavity.  Basin,  deep,  abrupt,  irregular,  plaited.  Calyx,  large, 
closed  ;  segments,  nearly  erect ;  eye,  small.  Core,  very  small,  open.  Seeds,  numerous, 
very  short,  thick.  Flesh,  white,  fine  grained,  tender,  juicy,  pleasant  subacid.  Use, 
cooking  or  would  be  fair  for  the  dessert.  Season,  September  and  October. 

The  tree  is  a  large,  spreading,  upright,  scarcely  a  regular  grower,  and  a  fairly  good 
bearer.  It  is  a  fruit  worthy  of  further  trial,  and  may  prove  to  be  an  old  variety  mis- 
named. The  name  given  would  seem  to  indicate  either  a  mistake  or  a  lack  of  acquaint- 
ance with  names  of  varieties.  The  varieties  with  which  this  most  nearly  agrees 
according  to  the  descriptions  by  Downing  are  Brown,  flake's  fall,  Latham  and 
Buckingham. 

LARGE  YELLOW  SIBERIAN  CRAB. — Fruit,  small,  or,  for  a  crab,  large,  roundish 
oblong,  somewhat  ribbed,  clear  waxen  yellow  with  a  thin  white  bloom  and  occasionally 
a  faint  blush  where  exposed  to  the  sun;  dots,  very'small,  white,  indistinct  except  about 
the  blossom  end.  Stem,  slender,  about  one  inch  long.  Cavity,  deep,  narrow,  nearly 
regular,  sometimes  slightly  russetted.  Basin,  little  or  none,  pinched  and  plaited.  Calyx, 
tightly  closed,  with  long  segments.  Core,  small,  closed.  Seeds,  small,  slender,  pointed. 
Flesh,  yellowish,  fine  grained,  very  tender,  very  juicy,  mild,  pleasant  subacid.  The  best 
in  quality  of  the  Siberian  crabs.  Excellent  for  the  dessert,  jelly,  or  sauce.  The  skin  is 
very  tender  as  well  as  the  flesh  and  the  fruit  is  easily  bruised  and  shows  bruises  quickly, 
thus  barring  it  from  the  list  of  market  apples.  The  season  is  August  5th  to  25th. 

The  tree  is  an  upright  spreading  grower,  rather  small.  Has  not  yet  shown  any 
tendency  to  blight  or  other  disease.  This  has  been  the  most  productive  and  regularly 
bearing  variety  in  the  orchard,  and  this,  with  its  high  quality,  makes  it  specially  desir- 
able for  the  family  orchard. 

McLELLAN. — Fruit,  large,  nearly  regular,  somewhat  ribbed,  roundish  oblate,  some- 
times inclined  to  be  oblong;  light  yellow,  shaded  or  marbled  sometimes  over  the  whole 
surface  with  light  red,  rather  dull,  and  occasionally  indistinct  splashes  of  darker  red  ; 
dots,  few,  gray  or  russet.  Stem,  short.  Cavity,  broad,  not  very  deep,  often  with  one  or 


310  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \Julyt 

more  lines  out  from  it.  Basin,  small  to  medium,  abrupt,  usually  ribbed.  Calyx,  usually 
closed,  rather  long,  slender;  eye,  small,  deep.  Ovary,  small,  regular.  Flesh,  whitish, 
very  tender,  juicy,  mild,  pleasant  subacid.  Season,  September  to  November,  or  later. 
Use,  dessert,  kitchen,  or  market. 

Tree,  an  upright,  regular,  rapid  grower  and  a  regular  and  fairly  abundant  bearer, 
bearing  almost  annually.  Its  fruit  is  always  smooth  and  attractive.  This  does  not 
agree  with  the  apple  as  described  by  either  Dowr.ing  or  Warder  under  the  same  name. 
It  answers  very  well  the  description  given  for  Ohio  or  Negus's  Nonpareil. 

MANSFIELD  RUSSET. — Fruit,  quite  small,  roundish  or  oblong,  almost  narrowing 
toward  the  apex,  more  or  less  ribbed ;  pale  yellow,  shaded  or  marbled  with  dull  red  and 
with  irregular  patches  of  thin  russet;  dots,  russet,  small,  inconspicuous.  Cavity, 
medium,  broad,  shallow,  often  lipped.  Stem,  long,  slender.  Basin,  comparatively 
broad,  shallow,  ribbed.  Calyx,  closed;  long  slender  segments.  Core,  small,  slightly 
open.  Seeds,  small,  numerous.  Flesh,  almost  white,  very  fine  grained,  almost  melting, 
moderately  juicy  at  first  but  becomes  rather  dry,  very  mild  and  pleasant  subacid,  mod- 
erately rich,  very  good  to  best  in  quality.  Use,  dessert.  Season,  October  to  the  holidays. 

The  tree  is  spready,  rather  irregular  grower,  large,  and  produces  large  crops  at 
least  on  alternate  years  and  seldom  fails  entirely.  The  objection  to  the  variety  is  its 
small  size.  It  would  be  a  desirable  apple  in  many  amateur  orchards  where  considerable 
variety  is  an  advantage,  but  would  have  no  place  in  the  ordinary  commercial  orchard. 

NED. — Fruit,  medium,  or  above,  roundish  oblate ;  greenish  yellow,  mostly  covered 
with  light  red,  shaded  and  dotted  with  darker  red ;  dots,  very  large,  gray,  with  dark  cen- 
ters. Stem,  medium  to  long.  Cavity,  rather  large,  inclined  to  be  somewhat  three- 
cornered,  russetted.  Basin,  broad,  shallow,  plaited.  Calyx  segments,  large,  short;  eye, 
broad,  deep.  Core,  small.  Seeds,  very  small,  dark  brown.  Flesh,  nearly  white,  juicy, 
very  tender,  pleasant,  mild,  subacid.  Use,  dessert  or  kitchen.  Quality,  while  pleasant  is 
only  good.  Season,  November  to  January. 

The  tree  is  a  very  large  grower,  with  a  full  broad  head  and  branches  somewhat 
inclined  to  be  drooping.  It  has  been  a  regular  and  often  very  full  bearer.  Hardy  and 
free  from  disease.  It  seems  worthy  of  recommendation  for  the  home  orchard. 

RED  STRIPE. — Fruit,  medium  size,  oblong  conical,  irregular  ribbed ;  clear,  light 
waxen  yellow,  specked,  and  splashed  with  clear  light  red  when  full  ripe ;  dots,  very 
small,  numerous,  whitish,  inconspicuous.  Stalk,  medium,  curved.  Cavity,  medium  size, 
narrow,  usually  russetted.  Basin,  narrow,  shallow,  abrupt,  plaited.  Calyx,  closed;  seg- 
ments, long,  slender,  recurved  ;  eye,  small.  Core,  large,  open.  Seeds,  numerous,  small, 
brown.  Flesh,  yellowish,  firm,  juicy,  rather  rich,  pleasant  subacid.  Use,  dessert  or 
cooking,  for  either  of  which  the  quality  is  very  good.  The  apples  are  very  apt  to  be 
imperfect  from  scabbing. 

The  tree  is  an  abundant  and  regular  bearer.  The  fruit  ripens  very  unevenly  and 
so  is  not  specially  desirable  for  the  commercial  orchard.  The  fruit  begins  to  mature 
about  the  middle  of  July  and  continues  for  six  weeks,  giving  it  a  very  long  season, 
which  makes  it  the  more  desirable  for  the  farm  orchard.  The  greatest  objection  to  it  is 
liability  to  scab. 

ROYAL  LIMBERTWIG. — There  is  no  Royal  limbertwig  described  and  this  variety 
is  distinct  from  other  limbertwigs  grown  here,  both  in  tree  and  fruit.  Mr.  Lawver  said 
the  variety  came  to  him  from  North  Carolina  but  did  not  give  the  introducer.  Fruit,  of 
medium  size  or  above,  oblate,  quite  regular,  with  a  limbertwig  color;  greenish  yellow, 
marbled  with  dull  red;  dots,  fawn  color,  with  dark  centers,  very  conspicuous.  Cavity, 
of  medium  size,  regular,  russetted;  stem,  medium  length,  slender.  Basin,  medium  size, 
rather  broad  and  shallow,  slightly  wavy.  Core,  small.  Seeds,  short  and  plump.  Flesh, 
yellowish,  tender,  pleasant  subacid  moderately  rich.  Good  to  very  good  quality.  Use, 
dessert  or  kitchen.  Season,  December  to  June. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  31 1 

The  tree  is  a  medium  grower,  forming  a  fall  regular  rounded  head,  with  but  little 
of  the  limbertwig  habit  of  growth. 

SHARP'S  APPLE. — There  is  no  variety  described  under  this  name  and  it  does  not 
agree  satisfactorily  with  any  that  is  described.  Mr.  Lawyer  obtained  it  from  Halliday 
&  Son,  Baltimore,  Md.,  but  I  have  not  succeeded  in  tracing  it  further. 

Fruit,  small  to  medium  in  size,  more  or  less  ribbed,  smooth,  becoming  almost  oily; 
color,  light  waxen  or  greenish  yellow,  with  a  full  red  or  pinkish  blush  and  with  a  thin 
white  bloom;  dots,  small,  scattered  whitish,  inconspicuous.  Cavity,  medium  size,  open, 
regular,  often  with  more  or  less  russet,  the  russet  forming  short  lines  out  on  the  base  of 
the  fruit.  Stem,  ^  to  |^  inch  long,  slender.  Basin,  medium,  rather  abrupt,  wavy. 
Calyx,  closed;  segments,  short.  Core,  small.  Seeds,  medium  size,  short,  very  plump. 
Flesh,  almost  white,  very  tender,  very  juicy,  exceedingly  pleasant  subacid,  almost  sweet, 
moderately  rich.  Quality,  very  good  for  dessert.  Season,  September  and  October. 

The  tree  is  a  regular  grower,  forming  a  broad,  full,  upright  head,  and  it  has  been  a 
regular  and  abundant  bearer.  The  small  size  of  the  fruit  would  render  it  unmarketable. 
It  would  only  be  recommended  for  the  amateur. 

SWEET  BELLFLOWER  OF  WYANDOTTE  COUNTY. — Fruit,  large,  regular  or  nearly 
so,  roundish  conic,  or  almost  ovate;  skin,  greenish  yellow,  rough,  often  thinly  russetted, 
occasionally  a  bronzed  cheek;  dots,  large,  russet,  raised.  Cavity,  deep,  rather  narrow, 
regular,  with  more  or  less  russet.  Stem,  long,  slender.  Basin,  small,  narrow  and  deep, 
plaited.  Calyx,  closed;  segments,  usually  long,  slender  and  recurved;  eye,  small.  Core, 
small,  nearly  closed.  Seeds,  short  and  thick.  Flesh,  yellowish,  coarse  grained,  not  very 
juicy,  firm,  half  tender,  rather  rich,  sweet. 

The  tree  is  a  moderate  grower,  upright  spreading,  becoming  drooping,  regular,  and 
a  good  bearer.  Good  for  baking,  preserves,  or  stock  feeding.  Season,  middle  of  August 
to  middle  of  October.  Although  it  could  only  be  classed  as  good  and  is  not  specially 
attractive  in  appearance,  it  would  seem  to  be  worthy  of  more  general  cultivation. 

This  fruit  is  in  appearance  somewhat  similar  to  the  Pumpkin  sweet  of  Thomas,  but 
differs  in  being  more  conical,  having  raised  dots,  occasional  blush,  and  of  being  not  so 
good  in  quality  This  tree  is  almost  a  Willow  twig  in  appearance,  while  the  other  is 
more  irregular,  with  branches  much  stronger  and  stiffer. 

UTTER. — Fruit,  large,  oblate,  conic  or  roundish  conic;  pale  yellow,  marbled  and 
splashed  with  light  red  in  the  sun,  with  but  little  red  in  the  shade;  dots,  white  or  russet, 
not  conspicuous.  Cavity,  medium,  nearly  regular,  usually  slightly  russetted.  Stem, 
small.  Basin,  wide,  shallow.  Ribbed  toward  the  eye.  Calyx,  closed.  Core,  small, 
nearly  closed.  Seeds,  short  and  plump.  Flesh,  yellowish,  firm,  crisp,  moderately 
tender,  juicy,  pleasant  subacid.  Quality,  very  good.  Use,  dessert  or  kitchen.  Season, 
middle  of  August  to  first  of  October,  and  may  with  care  be  kept  until  the  first  of  Decem- 
ber, though  it  loses  much  of  its  quality  on  keeping  so  late. 

The  tree  is  a  rather  upright,  regular  grower,  forming  a  full  rounded  head,  has  been 
exceptionally  free  from  disease  and  has  borne  very  well.  It  promises  to  be  of  value  for 
either  home  use  or  market. 

WESTFIELD  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — Fruit,  medium  or  above,  roundish  conical,  some- 
what irregular;  greenish  yellow,  shaded  and  striped,  usually  with  red,  often  having  the 
appearance  of  being  thinly  russetted ;  dots,  not  numerous,  rather  large,  usually  russetted, 
the  russet  extending  out  over  the  apple  in  lines  or  irregular  patches.  Stem,  medium  to 
long,  curved.  Basin,  small,  regular,  cracked.  Calyx,  medium,  nearly  closed,  recurved 
at  the  points:  eye,  broad,  not  very  deep.  Core,  open.  Seeds,  small,  sharp  pointed, 
numerous.  Flesh,  yellowish,  tender,  breaking,  moderately  juicy,  very  rich,  mild  sub- 
acid.  Season,  October  to  January.  Quality,  very  good  to  best.  Use,  dessert  or  kitchen. 

The  tree  is  a  moderate  grower,  upright,  spreading,  moderately  healthy,  and  has 
been  a  regular  and  often  abundant  bearer.  The  fi  uu  is  liable  to  fall  too  early  and  then 


312  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \_Jnly, 

does  not  keep,  which  seems  its  greatest  fault.  It  certainly  seems  desirable  as  an  ama- 
teur's apple,  but  is  not  showy  enough  and  does  not  keep  well  enough  for  market. 

WILLIAM  PRINCE. — No  variety  is  described  under  this  name,  and  Mr.  Van  Deman, 
formerly  Pomologist  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C.,  says  it  may 
be  Early  red  Margaret.  Fruit,  variable  in  size,  from  almost  small  to  full  medium ; 
oblate  conic  with  some  irregularity  of  outline;  pale  greenish  yellow,  with  a  thin  white 
bloom,  and  conspicuous  white  dots,  with  a  few  light  red  stripes  and  splashes  or  dots. 
Stalk,  of  medium  length,  rather  thick,  usually  bracted.  Cavity,  nearly  regular,  heavily 
russetted.  Basin,  small,  uneven,  pinched.  Calyx,  closed ;  segments,  very  large.  Core, 
small,  closed.  Seeds,  small,  very  plump.  Flesh,  white,  very  tender,  juicy,  very  mild, 
pleasant  subacid.  Fruit  tends  to  become  either  water-cored  or  mealy  as  it  ripens  fully. 
Good  to  very  good  either  for  cooking  or  eating.  Season,  last  half  of  July,  ripening 
before  Early  harvest  or  Red  Astrachan.  It  has  been  a  heavy  bearer  alternate  years  with 
little  or  no  fruit  the  off  year. 

The  tree  is  at  first  rather  upright,  but  becomes  spreading  with  age  and  bearing.  A 
rather  slow  grower,  but  healthy  and  hardy.  Young  twigs,  reddish  brown,  downy.  This 
hns  been  one  of  our  best  early  apples.  While  not  as  good  as  Ducliess  for  cooking,  it  is 
much  better  as  a  dessert  apple  when  in  season. 

Brief  Descriptions  of  other    Varieties  which  have  Fruited  on  the  Experiment 

Station  Farm. 

A. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884,  the  other  bore  fair  crops 
of  fruit  in  1884  and  1886,  and  was  taken  out  in  1888-9.  The  fruit  matured  in  fall  and 
was  considered  of  no  value. 

ABERDEEN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  was  dead  in 
1886.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  yellow,  subacid.  Summer.  Downing  gives  Aberdeen  as 
a  synonym  of  Nickajack,  which  is  a  winter  fruit. 

ABRAHAM. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  small  apples  in  1884  and  iSS6  and 
was  taken  out  in  1888-9.  Fruit,  yellow,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September  and 
October.  Of  no  value. 

AISLES — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and 
fair  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  The  trees  were  taken  out  in  1892.  Fruit,  of  medium  size, 
oblate,  irregular;  striped  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Late  winter.  Too  unpro- 
ductive. 

ALLEGHANY  SPOT. — Three  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  these  had  died  previous  to 
1884  and  the  other  was  in  poor  condition  when  taken  out  in  1886-7.  The  variety  bore 
apples  in  1879,  1884,  and  1886.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  only  good  in  quality.  Autumn. 

ALEXANDER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  fair  crops  in  1886,  1888,  1889,  and 
1891.  The  fruit  was  always  more  or  less  imperfect  and  liable  to  rot;  though  very  showy 
when  in  perfection,  it  was  of  comparatively  little  value.  Tree,  large,  vigorous,  healthy. 
Fruit,  large,  striped  red,  acid,  very  good  for  cooking.  Last  of  August  and  September. 

AMERICAN  BEAUTY. — Five  trees  of  two  different  varieties  were  planted  under  this 
name,  one  a  fall  and  the  other  a  winter  fruit.  The  former  was  evidently  incorrect. 
The  varieties  bore  medium  crops  in  1878  and  1879,  and  good  crops  in  1884  and  1886. 
The  winter  apple  American  beauty  was  voted  promising  in  1878,  not  valuable  in  1879,  a 
good  keeper  and  worthy  of  trial  in  1884.  All  the  trees  had  died  or  were  in  poor  con- 
dition in  1886  and  were  taken  out  soon  after.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  striped  red,  sub- 
acid,  aromatic,  very  good  in  quality.  Late  winter. 

AMERICAN  NONPAREIL. — Seven  trees  were  planted.  Five  of  the  trees  had  died 
previous  to  1884  and  the  other  two  were  in  fair  condition  in  1886,  but  were  taken  out 
soon  after.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886.  Fruit,  small,  good  in  quality, 
badly  subject  to  scab.  Midsummer. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  313 

AMERICAN  PIPPIN. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name,  which  proved  to  be 
Roxburv  russet.  See  under  Marietta  russet,  p.  331.  For  the  true  American  pippin,  see 
Shannon,  p.  340. 

AMOS  JACKSON. — Synonym  of  Jackson.  Three  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore 
a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1886,  and  1891,  and  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1888.  It  was 
considered  to  be  worthy  of  further  trial  in  1879,  but  was  taken  out  in  1893,  because  too 
unproductive.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  yellow  with  a  brownish  blush  and  russet 
markings,  brisk  subacid,  good.  Late  winter. 

ANDERSON. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  small  crop  in  1884,  but  was  dead 
in  1886.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  only  good  in  quality,  ripe  in  fall.  The  variety 
as  described  to  Mr.  Lawver  originated  in  South  Carolina,  and  was  a  good  keeper. 

ANJOU  PIPPIN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  but 
was  dead  previous  to  1884.  Lawver  received  it  from  Elwanger  and  Barry,  who  gave  its 
origin  as  France.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  conic,  sour,  with  large  angular  dots.  Very  like 
Dominie. 

ASHMORE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1881,  and  small 
crops  in  1884  and  1886.  The  variety  was  considered  promising  in  1881,  but  was  taken 
out  in  1889,  as  of  no  further  value.  Fruit>  large,  of  very  good  quality.  Late  winter. 

AUGUSTA  PIPPIN. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
There  were  evidently  two  varieties  planted  under  this  name,  since  the  fruit  is  spoken  of 
atone  time  as  "fine,  large,  golden  yellow"  and  at  another  as  "red  striped."  Two  of 
the  trees  died  previous  to  1886,  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1889  as  of  no  further 
value. 

AUNT  SUSAN'S  FAVORITE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  them  died  previous 
to  1886,  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884, 
and  again  in  1886.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  yellow,  striped  red,  subacid,  best  in 
quality.  September  and  October. 

AUSTIN  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  good  crop  in  1884.  One 
of  the  trees  had  died  before  1 886,  and  the  other  was  in  such  poor  condition  that  it  was 
taken  out  soon  after. 

AUTUMN  STRIPE. — One  tree  was  planted  which  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Chenango 
strawberry.  See  p.  317. 

BACCATUS  CRAB. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  good  crops  in  1872  and  1886, 
and  a  few  apples  in  1884.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  for 
a  crab;  yellow  with  a  blush  of  red.  Quality,  good. 

BALM. — Two  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879, 
1884,  and  1886.  At  the  latter  date  one  of  the  trees  was  in  fair,  and  the  other  in  poor, 
condition.  Both  were  taken  out  the  next  year.  Fruit,  medium  size,  only  good  in 
quality.  October,  or  later. 

BARD. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  is  1878,  1879,  and  1886,  and 
was  cut  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  dark  red,  poor  in  quality.  Winter. 

BARRETT. — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  good  crop  in  1877,  and  a  few 
apples  in  1879.  Both  trees  died  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate, 
yellow,  marbled  and  striped  light  crimson,  subacid.  Quality,  good.  Winter. 

BASTARD  JANET. — Synonym  of  Wright's  Janet.  Two  trees  were  planted  under  the 
former  name  and  two  under  the  latter.  The  two  Wright's  Janet  died  without  fruiting; 
the  others  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888,  and  were  taken 
out  in  1892  because  too  unproductive.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  yellow,  somewhat 
splashed  with  dull  red,  subacid,  brisk.  Quality,  good  to  very  good.  Late  winter. 

BEACHEMWELL. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  the  next  year  and  the  other 
in  1885.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1877.  Fruit,  small,  yellowish,  brisk  subacid.  Of 
little  comparative  value. 


314  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  [July, 

BEAUTY  OF  THE  VALLEY. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884 
and  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  was  dead  soon  after.  Fruit,  small,  very  good  in  quality. 
Winter. 

BELLE. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  and  was  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  small,  sweet,  of  poor  quality.  It  was  described 
to  Mr.  Lawver  as  of  "southern  origin,  large  red,  beautiful,  fine  keeper." 

BELLE  ET  BONNE. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  and  two  more,  which 
proved  to  be  Belle  et  bonne,  were  planted  under  the  name  of  Bristol.  One  of  the  trees 
planted  as  Belle  et  bonne  was  the  same  as  Moore's  sweeting,  and  the  other  proved  true. 
The  variety  bore  fruit  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  and  1886,  and  all  the  trees  were  taken  out  in 
1889.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  irregular,  subacid,  yellow.  Quality,  very  good.  October. 

BENONI. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name,  but  it  proved  to  be  an  unknown 
winter  apple.  The  Benoni  has  been  grown  in  another  orchard  here  and  is  a  well  known 
valuable  summer  apple,  especially  for  home  use.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish, 
striped  and  nearly  covered  with  red.  Flesh,  yellowish,  rich,  pleasant  subacid.  One  of 
the  best  in  quality.  August.  Tree,  an  upright  compact  grower  and  a  fairly  regular 
bearer. 

BENTLEY'S  SWEET. — Five  trees  of  two  varieties  were  planted  under  this  name.  One 
•of  the  varieties  was  a  worthless  winter  sweet  apple,  and  the  other  proved  to  be  the  same 
-as  Hicks,  p.  324. 

BERGNER. — Five  trees  were  planted.  All  but  one  of  these  were  dead  previous  to 
1886,  at  which  time  the  remaining  tree  bore  a  few  apples.  It  was  considered  worth- 
less, and  no  description  was  made. 

BETSEY. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  fair  crops  in  1878, 1879, 1886,  a  few  apples 
in  1884,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1889.  Fruit,  below  medium 
size,  roundish,  oblate,  yellow,  often  slightly  blushed,  mild  subacid,  pleasant.  Quality, 
good.  Late  winter.  Too  small  to  be  of  value. 

BETSEY'S  FAVORITE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1880 
and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  Fruit,  below  medium  size,  yellow,  mild  subacid,  only  good  in 
quality.  The  trees  were  taken  out  in  1889,  because  not  considered  of  further  value. 

BEVERLY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884:  the  other  bore 
a  few  apples  in  1886  and  was  taken  out  in  1887.  The  fruit  was  considered  of  no  value 
here,  and  no  description  was  made  of  it. 

BLACK  APPLE.  —  Three  trees  of  two  varieties  were  planted  under  this  name. 
Neither  variety  seemed  of  any  value,  and  the  last  of  the  trees  died  in  1887. 

BLACK  COAL. — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  a 
light  crop  in  1879.  The  trees  died  in  1885.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  roundish,  dark 
xed,  crisp,  subacid.  Quality,  good.  Winter. 

BLACK  JACK. — Synonym  of  Black  apple.  Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name, 
one  of  which  proved  correct,  the  other  not.  The  Black  Jack  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 
1884,  and  1886.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish,  deep  red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality. 
The  trees  were  in  good  health  when  taken  out  in  1877. 

BLAKESLY  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the 
orchard.  The  variety  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  and  a  few  apples  in  1886.  No  description 
was  made  of  the  fruit.  One  of  the  trees  died  in  1885,  and  the  other,  nearly  dead,  was 
taken  out  in  1887. 

BLINKBONNY. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  A 
few  fruits  were  borne  in  1877  and  1884,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  Fruit,  below  medium 
size,  oblate,  pale  yellow,  subacid.  Quality,  good.  Early  summer.  The  trees  were  taken 
out  in  1887  as  of  no  special  value. 

BLOCKLEY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  half  crop  in  1878  and  a  fair 
crop  in  1879,  but  where  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  conical,  fine  yellow,  subacid. 
Quality,  very  good.  Early  winter. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  315 

BLONDIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884,  and  the  other, 
though  in  poor  condition,  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886,  and  was  taken  out  in  1887. 
Fruit,  large,  striped  red,  scarcely  good  in  quality. 

BLOOMING  ORANGE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  striped  with  red,  acid.  Quality,  very  good.  Season, 
September.  One  of  the  trees  died  in  1885,  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

BLUE  MOUNTAIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879,  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  and  a  full  crop  in  1886.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  striped 
red  on  pale  yellow,  subacid.  Quality,  good.  Winter.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884, 
and  the  other  was  in  poor  condition  when  taken  out  in  1887. 

BLUFF  PEARMAIN. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
These  bore  a  half  crop  in  1878  and  a  full  crop  in  1879,  and  both  died  previous  to  1884. 
The.  fruit  was  very  similar  to  Rawle's  Janet. 

BOAS. — Three  trees  were  planted,  two  of  which  died  previous  to  1884.  The  other, 
though  in  poor  health,  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886  and  was  taken  out  in  1887. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

BONUM. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name,  which  died  in  1873.  Two  others 
were  planted  in  another  part  of  the  orchard  under  the  name  of  Red Bonum,  which  proved 
to  be  Bonum.  One  of  these  trees  died  previous  to  1884,  and  the  other  in  1887.  The 
variety  bore  a  full  crop  in  1877  and  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886.  Fruit,  of  medium 
size,  roundish,  nearly  covered  with  dull  red,  subacid.  Quality,  very  good.  October  and 
November. 

BORSDORFFER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1886  and  were 
taken  out  the  next  year.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  pale  yellow  with  red  cheek,  brisk  sub- 
acid.  Very  good.  Late  fall. 

BOUGH. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  of  them  died  previous  to 
1884,  and  the  other  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1884  and  a  few  apples  in  1886.  It  was  taken  out 
in  1887.  The  fruit  was  large,  but  otherwise  of  no  special  merit. 

BOULER'S  FAVORITE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  and  was  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  oblique,  striped  red  and  russetted. 
acid.  Quality,  very  good.  Winter. 

BRANDYWINE. — Synonym  of  Minkler.  Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different 
parts  of  the  orchard.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1884,  and  1886  and  a 
small  crop  in  1888.  Two  of  the  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887,  and  the  other,  though  left 
until  1892,  did  not  bear  more  than  a  few  apples.  While  the  Minkler  or  Brandywine  is 
recommended  by  the  State  Horticultural  Society  for  all  parts  of  the  state,  it  has  been  a 
very  shy  bearer  with  us,  both  in  this  orchard  and  in  another  planted  in  1879.  Fruit, 
rather  large,  roundish,  oblate,  shaded  red  on  greenish  yellow,  very  mild,  subacid. 
Quality,  very  good.  Late  winter. 

BRISTOL. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  but  both  proved  to  be  Belle 
et  bonne. 

BROWN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and  was 
dead  in  1884. 

BROWN'S  SUPERIOR. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  without  fruiting,  the 
other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  died  the  next  year.  It  was  a  summer  fruit  of 
medium  size  and  only  good  in  quality. 

BROWN'S  SWEET. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  places  in  the  orchard. 
The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and  1884  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  One  of  the 
trees  died  previous  to  1884,  another  in  1885,  and  the  third  was  cut  out  in  1887.  The 
fruit  was  small,  sweet.  Only  good  in  quality.  Winter.  Of  no  apparent  value. 

BUCHANAN  PIPPIN  (?). — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879,  but 
was  nearly  dead  at  that  time. 


316  BULLETIN    NO.    45.  \July, 

BUCKRAM. — Synonym  of  Hicks.  Two  trees  were  planted.  According  to  the 
record  they  bore  a  large  crop  in  1884  and  a  good  crop  in  1886.  The  trees  were  taken 
out  in  1887. 

BUCKINGHAM. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  iSS6.  but 
the  trees  were  in  poor  condition  when  cut  out  in  1892. 

BUCKS  COUNTY  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.     A  few  apples  were  borne  in 

1878  and  1879.     One  tree  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other  in  1887. 

BUEL'S  FAVORITE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877  and  fair 
crops  in  1884  and  1886.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

BUFF. — Four  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  A  few  apples 
were  borne  in  1876.  All  the  trees  had  died  previous  to  1884. 

BULL  HEAD. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  A 
few  apples  were  borne  in  1886.  The  trees  were  in  fair  condition  at  this  time  but  were 
taken  out  in  1887. 

BULLOCK'S  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  proved  to  be  Harvest 
red  streak  and  the  other  died  without  fruiting. 

BURCHARDT. — Two  trees  were  planted.     A  few  apples  were  borne  in    1878  and 

1879  and  the  trees  died   previous  to  1884.     It  was  a  winter  fruit,  yellow  and  russet. 
Size,  small  to  medium,  only  good  in  quality. 

BURLEY'S  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  187$  and 
1879  and  was  dead  previous  to  1884.  A  yellow  sweet,  winter  apple  of  medium  size,  only 
good  in  quality. 

BUSHWHACKER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  full  crops  in  1878  and  1879 
and  died  previous  to  1884.  It  was  a  large  green  winter  fruit,  of  very  good  quality  and 
was  considered  promising  in  1879. 

BYERS. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  One  tree 
bore  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  the  other  two  had  died  previously,  and  the  remaining  one  died 
in  1885. 

CABBAGE  HEAD. — Four  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878,  1879,  and  1884,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  At  the  latter 
date  but  one  tree  was  alive.  It  was  in  fair  condition,  but  was  taken  out  the  next  year. 
The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  good  to  very  good  in  quality.  Winter.  Not  considered 
of  value. 

CABLE'S  GILLIFLOWER. — Synonym  of  Baltimore.  Two  trees  were  planted.  One 
of  them  bore  no  fruit,  and  was  evidently  not  true  to  name.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in 
1877  and  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1879.  Both  died  in  1885. 

CAMACK'S  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  fair  crop  was  borne  in  1884. 
One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  poor  condition  in  1887 

CAMPFIELD. — Seven  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  A 
few  apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  1879.  Three  of  the  trees  died  previous  to  1884  and 
the  rest  in  1885.  The  fruit  was  small,  scarcely  good  in  quality,  worthless. 

CANADA. — Two  trees  were  planted.  Fair  crops  were  borne  in  1878  and  1879.  All 
the  trees  died  previous  to  1884.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  deep  crimson  with  white 
flesh.  Quality,  good.  Winter. 

CANN. — Three  trees  were  planted.  A  good  crop  was  produced  in  i88j.  Fruit, 
small,  only  good  in  quality.  Season,  winter.  Not  at  all  promising.  It  was  probably 
not  true  to  name.  Two  of  the  trees  died  in  1885,  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

CAPTAIN. — Two  trees  were  planted  which  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Red  Astra- 
chan.  A  fair  crop  was  borne  in  1886,  and  the  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

CARDINAL  RED. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  some  fruit  in  1877,  a  fair 
crop  in  1886,  a  full  crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  in  1889.  The  trees  were  all  taken 
out  in  1890.  The  fruit  is  medium  to  large,  dark,  rich  red,  showy,  only  good  in  quality. 
Midwinter.  It  was  not  considered  worthy  of  propagation. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  317 

CAROLINA  RED. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
A  fair  crop  was  borne  in  1877  and  a  few  apples  in  1884.  Two  of  the  trees  had  died 
previous  to  1884  and  the  other  was  in  poor  condition  and  died  soon  after.  Fruit,  medium 
size,  only  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

CARPENTER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  fair  crop  was  borne  in  1884,  and  the 
tree  died  soon  after.  Fruit,  small,  good  in  quality,  Season,  winter.  It  was  thought  to 
be  worthy  of  further  trial. 

CARTER  (of  Alabama). — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  fair  crop  was  borne  in  1884, 
and  a  few  apples  in  1886.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1887. 
Fruit,  small  and  only  good  in  quality. 

CARTER  (of  Pennsylvania). — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne 
in  1886.  The  fruit  ripened  in  early  winter  and  was  considered  worthy  of  further  trial. 
The  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

CARVER  (of  New  York). — Two  trees  were  planted,  which  proved  to  be  the  same 
as  Red  Astrachan.  One  tree  was  dead  in  1884.  A  fair  crop  was  borne  in  1884  by  the 
other,  which  died  in  1885. 

CATHEAD. — Three  trees  were  planted  and  all  those  bearing  fruit  proved  to  be 
Hicks. 

.  CELESTIA. — Two  trees  were  planted,  which  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Cardinal  red. 

CHAMPAGNE. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  A  few 
apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  1879.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other  in 
1885.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  striped,  of  good  quality.  Winter.  It  is  not  recom- 
mended. 

CHANCELOR  OF  OXFORD. — Two  trees  were  planted.      A  few  apples  were  borne  in 

1878,  1879,  and  1884,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.     One  tree  died  previous  to  1884,  and  the 
other  was  taken  out  in  1887.     Fruit,  small  to  medium  size,  good  to  very   good,   yellow, 
nearly  covered  with  red  stripes.     August. 

CHENANOO  STRAWBERRY.  —  Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  of 
them  died  without  fruiting,  and  the  other  bore  such  inferior  fruit  as  to  lead  to  the  opinion 
that  the  tree  was  from  the  root  used  in  grafting,  and  not  from  the  cion.  Another  tree 
planted  under  the  name  of  Autumn  stripe  proved  to  be  Ctienango  strawberry.  It  bore 
fair  crops  in  1884, 1886,  1889,  and  1895,  a  full  crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  in  1890, 1892, 
and  1894.  Fruit,  medium  size,  striped  red,  with  a  bloom;  subacid,  pleasant.  Quality, 
very  good.  Late  summer. 

CHESTER  RED  STREAK. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
Fair  crops  were  borne  in  1884  and  1886.  It  was  considered  of  little  value.  One  tree 
died  in  1885,  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

CHEEVOR. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and 
fair  crops  in  1884  and  1886.  The  fruit  was  medium  to  large,  light  yellow,  sweet  and  in 
1879  was  considered  promising.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

CHRONICAL. — Four  trees  were  planted.     A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1877,  1878, 

1879,  1884,  1886,  1890  and  1891,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.     The  fruit  is  of  medium  size, 
greenish  yellow  with  dull  red,  subacid,  good  in  quality,  and  a  very  late  keeper.     The 
tree  is  an  upright,  regular  grower,  with  a  rather  dense  head.     It  was  considered  promis- 
ing in  1878  and  1879  but  was  taken  out  in  1892  as  not  worthy  of  further  attention. 

CIDER. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in 
1878,  1879,  and  1884  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  The  fruit  was  small,  of  good  quality. 
August.  Almost  worthless.  The  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

CLARKE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886.  The 
tree  was  in  poor  condition  both  years  and  was  taken  out  in  1887.  The  fruit  was  small, 
of  good  quality,  but  of  no  value. 


3l8  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

CLARKSON. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  both  proving  not  true,  but 
to  be  the  same  as  Cardinal  red. 

CLARKE  PEARMAIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884, 
the  other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  and  was  taken  out  the  next  year. 

CLAUDIA  DE  PROVENS. — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 
1879,  and  1881,  and  all  were  dead  previous  to  1884.  Of  little  value. 

COGSWELL. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1884. 
Fruit,  of  medium  size,  of  good  quality,  mild  subacid.  October.  The  tree  died  in  1885. 

COLE'S  QUINCE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  good  crops  in  1884.  1886,  1888, 
1894,  a  fair  crop  in  1895,  and  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1890,  1891,  and  1892.  A  summer 
fruit  of  medium  to  large  size  and  good  quality.  The  season  is  about  the  same  as 
Maiden 's  blush,  to  which  it  would  seem  to  be  decidedly  superior  under  our  conditions. 
A  rather  small  grower,  dense,  and  irregular.  (See  full  description,  p.  307.) 

COLUMBUS  RED. — Four  trees  were  planted  in  three  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1879,  1886,  1891,  1894,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888  and  1895. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  yellowish,  shaded  with  red.  Quality,  good.  October  to  January. 
One  tree  died  previous  to  1884,  two  others  were  taken  out  in  1887,  and  the  last  in  1895. 

COLUMBIA. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1884, 
1886.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  size,  irregular,  striped 
red,  subacid.  Quality,  very  good.  Late  fall  or  early  winter.  In  1884  it  was  thought 
worthy  of  further  trial,  but  in  1886  it  was  said  to  be  too  small  to  be  valuable. 

CONIC  JUNE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1887,  and  was  dead 
soon  after. 

CONNECTICUT  RED  SIDES. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the 
orchard.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  an(^  1880,  and  a  fair  crop 
in  1884,  and  a  good  crop  in  1886.  The  fruit  was  about  the  size  and  shape  of  a  winesap. 
Early  winter  or  late  fall.  Of  little  or  no  value.  One  of  the  trees  died  in  1885  and  the 
others  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

COOK'S  GREENING. — Two  trees  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1885  and  a 
fair  crop  in  1886.  The  fruit  was  small,  good  to  very  good.  The  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

COON'S  RED. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1890,  and 
1891,  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  The  tree  still  stands  and  is 
in  good  health.  (See  full  description,  p.  308.) 

CORSE'S  FAVORITE. — Four  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878 
and  1879,  a  fair  crop  in  1884  and  1893,  good  crops  in  1886,  1888,  1889  and  1891.  The 
fruit  was  medium  to  large,  oblate,  yellow,  only  good  in  quality,  subacid,  not  rich. 
Season,  August. 

It  was  a  heavy  and  regular  bearer  but  otherwise  was  not  desirable.  Three  trees 
were  taken  out  in  1887  and  the  other  in  1893.  All  were  in  perfect  health  when  taken  out. 

COUNTRY  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted,  which  proved  to  be  Northern  spy. 

CREEK. — Three  trees  were  planted.  This  variety  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Ned. 
p.  310. 

CROOKED    RED. — Four  trees  planted   under   this   name   proved   to   be   Pennock. 

P-  335- 

CROW'S  EGG. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878,  1879, 
and  1886.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  good  only  in  quality,  sweet,  of  no  value.  The 
trees  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

CULLASAGA. — Three  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1880  and 
the  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

CULLAWHEE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  There  was  a  fair  crop  in  1884  and  a  good 
crop  in  1886.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size  and  poor  in  quality.  Acid,  striped.  One 
tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  in  1887. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF  APPLES.  319 

CUMBERLAND  SEEDLING. — Two  trees  were  plaatecl.  They  bore  a  good  crop  in 
1886.  The  trees  were  unhealthy  and  were  taken  out  in  1887. 

CUSHMAN'S  BLACK. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  and  good  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in 
1891.  The  fruit  was  medium  to  large,  dark  red,  almost  black,  apt  to  be  water-cored,, 
pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Early  winter.  It  seemed  to  be  quite  promising 
at  one  time. 

CUSTARD. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  which  proved  to  be  the  same 
as  Ned, 

DANA  GREENING. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  were  thought  incorrect  in  1879, 
and  1880  but  were  considered  correct  later.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1874,  1878,. 
1879,  1890,  and  1891,  a  good  crop  in  1884  and  1888,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  One  tree 
died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1893.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  greenish 
yellow,  subacid,  mild  aromatic,  very  good  in  quality.  Winter.  It  was  considered 
worthy  of  further  trial  in  1880,  but  in  1893  it  was  not  considered  of  enough  value  to 
retain  longer. 

DE  BOUTIGNE. — Synonym,  Botigne.  One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples 
in  1878  and  1879  and  died  between  1880  and  1884.  Fruit  was  of  medium  size,  very  good, 
aromatic,  rich,  but  not  sweet. 

DE  GRUCHY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878,  1879, 
and  1884.  The  trees  died  in  1885.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  size;  striped  red;  subacid, 
almost  sweet;  poor  in  quality.  Winter.  Of  no  value. 

DES  FEMMES. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  fruits  were  borne  in  1876  and  1877 
and  the  trees  died  between  1880  and  1884.  The  fruit  is  medium  to  large,  somewhat  like 
Baldwin  in  appearance,  acid.  Winter. 

DETERDING'S  EARLY. — Synonym,  Red  Aslrachan.    (See  p.  337.) 

DICKSKILL. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and  a 
fair  crop  in  1884.  The  tree  died  in  1885.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  striped,  acid,  of  tender 
flesh,  very  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

DR.  FULCHER.—  Four  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and  a 
good  crop  in  1884.  All  died  in  1885  and  1886.  The  fruit  is  small,  only  good  in  quality 
and  not  desirable. 

DR.  WHITSELL'S  WINTER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884 
and  was  taken  out  in  1887.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  good  in  quality  and  a  good 
keeper. 

DOMINIE. — Five  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  1879 
and  a  fair  crop  of  inferior  fruit  in  1884.  The  trees  were  all  dead  in  1885.  Fruit, 
medium  to  large,  striped  dull  red  on  dull  yellow,  with  large  rough  dots,  subacid,  very 
good.  Winter.  This  has  been  considered  a  valuable  apple  in  many  places. 

Doux  D'ARGENT. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1886, 
a  full  crop  in  1879,  and  a  few  apples  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  sweet,  very  good  to  best  in 
quality.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1887  as  not  worthy  of  further  attention. 

DOWNING'S  FAVORITE. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878  and  1879  and  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886,  and  1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  red 
striped,  very  good  in  quality.  September.  This  seemed  promising  in  1879,  but  the 
short  life  of  the  tree  makes  it  unworthy.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884,  another  in 
1885.  and  the  third  was  in  bad  condition  when  cut  out  in  1892. 

DRAP  D'OR. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  fair  crops  in  1884,  1888,  and  1890, 
and  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  1889.  Fruit,  large,  pale  yellow,  subacid,  very  good  in 
quality.  A  fine  apple,  but  not  productive  enough.  The  tree  was  in  excellent  condition 
when  taken  out  in  1893. 

DRUMORE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  Fair  crops  were  borne  in  1878,  1879,  1884, 
and  1886.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1887. 


320  BULLETIN  NO.   45.  \July, 

Fruit  was  of  medium  size,  red,  good  to  very  good  in  quality.  Winter.  Was  thought 
worthy  of  further  trial  in  1879. 

DUBREIL. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886.  The 
tree  was  nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1887. 

DUCKET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  produced  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1886. 
The  trees  were  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  small,  only  good  in 
quality,  of  little  value. 

DUMELOW  (of  Wisconsin). — Synonym,  Dumelows  seedling.  Six  trees  were  planted. 
Fruit  was  borne  in  1876,  1878,  and  1879  and  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886,  and  1888.  One 
tree  died  previous  to  1884,  one  tree  in  1885,  and  the  others  were  in  good  condition  when 
taken  out  in  1889.  Fruit,  large,  round,  greenish  yellow  with  little  red,  very  acid.  An 
excellent  cooking  apple,  but  of  little  other  value.  Early  winter. 

DUMELOW'S  SEEDLING. — Same  as  Dtimelow  of  Wisconsin. 

DUNLAP'S  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  a  few  apples 
in  1879,  and  the  tree  died  between  1880  and  1884.  The  fruit  was  acid  and  was  considered 
worthless. 

DURABLE  KEEPER. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  one  of  which  proved 
incorrect.  The  variety  is  credited  with  bearing  fair  crops  in  1878,  1879,  and  1886,  and 
a  few  apples  in  1884.  It  was  at  one  time  considered  worthy  of  further  trial,  but  was 
taken  out  in  1887  as  not  of  sufficient  value.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  striped, 
nearly  covered  with  red,  sweet.  Winter. 

DUTCH  MIGNONNE. —  Four  trees  were  planted.  The  trees  bore  some  in  1879  an(i 
again  in  1884  a  fair  crop.  Two  of  the  trees  had  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  others 
were  almost  dead  when  taken  out  in  1887.  The  fruit  was  large,  good  in  quality,  subacid, 
striped  red.  Winter.  It  was  considered  worthy  of  further  attention  in  1879. 

EARLY  BELLFLOWER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877 
and  the  trees  died  between  the  years  1880  and  1884.  Fruit  was  of  medium  size,  striped, 
oblate  conic,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Autumn. 

EARLY  HARVEST. — Three  trees  of  this  variety  were  planted  without  name  and 
others  under  the  name  of  Yellow  June.  These  produced  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879  and 
1884  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  All  the  trees  were  either  dead  or  were  taken  out  by  1887. 
The  fruit  is  one  of  the  worst  among  apples  to  scab,  and  it  was  only  the  last  year  that 
there  was  perfect  fruit.  Not  worthy  of  a  place  here. 

EARLY  RIPE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  previous  to  1884. 
The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1872  and  there  is  no  further  record  of  its  bearing  until 
1886,  though  it  must,  unquestionably,  have  borne  in  the  meantime.  There  was  a  heavy 
crop  in  1888,  and  light  crop  in  1889,  1890,  1891,  and  1894.  This  tree  was  taken  out 
after  the  latter  date.  Fruit,  very  similar  in  appearance  and  season  to  the  Early  Harvest 
and  much  more  free  from  scab.  It  is  not  productive  enough  here,  however,  to  be  of 
much  value. 

ELLWILL'S  LATE. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877. 
Sometime  between  this  date  and  1884  all  the  trees  died.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  striped, 
sour,  of  very  good  quality.  Winter. 

ENGLISH  RUSSET  (of  western  N.  Y.) — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name 
which  proved  to  be  the  Roxbury  russet.  See  under  Marietta  russet. 

ENGLISH  RUSSET  (of  England). — Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  but 
the  fruit  is  different  from  any  thing  described  by  American  authorities  under  the  name  of 
English  russet.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1891,  and  1894,  a  fair 
crop  in  1886  and  a  good  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  roundish  conical,  with  little  or  no 
basin,  russet,  regular  rich  subacid  of  high  quality.  Winter.  The  trees  seemed  perfectly 
hardy  and  healthy  when  taken  out  in  1895-6. 

FALL  HARVEY. — Two  trees  weie  planted;  one  of  these  died  previous  to  1884;  the 
other  bore  a  few  apples  that  season  and  was  dead  in  1886. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  321 

FALL  ORANGE. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879, 
1889,  1890,  and  1893,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  1894,  and  1895,  and  full  crops  in  1884  and 
1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  light  yellow,  rather  mild  subacid,  excellent  for  cooking. 
September  and  October.  Tree  still  remains  in  good  health. 

FALL  STRIPE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  the  trees  died  previous  to  iSSi 
and  the  other  in  1885.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1888  and  1889,  and  a  fair  crop 
in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  nearly  covered  with  red. 

FAMEUSE. — One  tree  was  planted,  and  it  died  between  1880  and  1884  without 
having  fruited.  The  same  variety  in  another  orchard  has  done  better  but  still  seems 
undesirable  for  planting  here,  though  it  has  done  well  in  many  places. 

FARLEY'S  RED. — Two  trees  were  planted.  It  bore  one  full  crop  in  1876  and  was 
then  girdled  by  mice  and  killed.  Late  winter. 

FAY'S  RUSSET. — One  tree  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  a  light 
crop  in  1879  and  the  tree  died  between  1880  and  1884.  Fruit,  small,  yellow  covered 
with  russet,  of  very  good  quality. 

FEDERAL. — Four  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  1879 
and  a  fair  crop  in  1884.  The  trees  were  nearly  dead  at  the  latter  date  and  were  taken 
out  in  1885.  Fruit,  medium,  roundish,  striped  red,  of  very  good  quality. 

FINK. — Four  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  A  light  crop 
was  borne  in  1877.  All  the  trees  were  dead  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  of 
very  good  quality,  and  a  good  keeper. 

FISK'S  FALL  SEEDLING. — Synonym,  Fisk's  seedling.  Two  trees  were  planted.  A 
few  apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  a  light  crop  in  1879.  The  trees  died  between  1880 
and  1884.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  red  striped,  mild  subacid.  Winter.  Good  in  quality. 

FLEINER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1886  and  the  other  was 
taken  out  in  1895-6.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1886,  and  1895,  and  a  fair 
crop  in  1888  and  1894.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  yellow,  subacid,  of  a  peculiar  flavor, 
only  good  in  quality.  Fall.  Of  no  value. 

FORSYTHE'S  SEEDLING. — Two  trees  were  planted.  Only  one  of  these  fruited  and 
this  proved  to  be  Late  straruberry. 

FORSTER  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  one  poor  fruit  in  1876  and 
died  soon  after. 

FOSTER'S  BEST. — Synonym  of  Pennock. 

FOURTH  OF  JULY. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886, 
1888,  1889,  1890,  and  1894  and  a  small  crop  in  1895.  The  tree  seemed  in  perfect  con- 
dition when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  Russian,  roundish  conical, 
regular,  pale  yellow  with  a  few  red  stripes,  sharp  subacid,  very  good*  to  best  for 
cooking.  Summer. 

FRANKLIN. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884,  and  another 
in  1885;  the  other  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895—6.  A  few  apples 
were  borne  in  1886,  1889,  1894,  and  1895  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  below  medium, 
striped  light  red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Fall.  Of  no  special  value. 

FRANKLIN'S  JUNE. — Five  trees  were  planted.  Bore  a  few  small  to  medium  sized 
apples  in  1879.  All  the  trees  were  dead  previous  to  1884. 

FULTON. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  which  were  not  true.  The 
variety  was  found  growing  in  anoiher  part  of  the  orchard  where  it  had  been  planted 
without  name.  It  was  doing  well,  bearing  fairly  regular  and  good  crops. 

FULTON  STRAWBERRY. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
One  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  latter  tree  bore  light 
crops  in  1888,  1894  and  1895.  It  was  not  considered  to  be  productive  enough  to  be  of 
value. 


322  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

GARDEN  ROYAL. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  of  the  trees  died  previous  to 
1884  and  another  in  1885;  the  other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  was  taken  out  the 
next  year  as  of  no  value. 

GARDNER'S  SWAAR. — (Seems  to  be  the  same  as  Swaar}.  One  tree  was  planted. 
It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1894,  and  1895  and  a  small  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium 
size,  roundish  oblate,  yellow,  with  occasional  bronze  blush,  subacid,  very  rich.  Early 
winter. 

GENEVA  PIPPIN. —  Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884  and 
the  other,  though  nearly  dead,  bore  a  few  small,  poor  apples  that  season. 

GENTLE'S  LARGE  SEED. — Three  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  these  died  previous 
to  1884  and  the  other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and  1883,  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  and  a  good 
crop  in  1886.  It  was  taken  out  the  next  year  because  in  poor  condition.  Fruit,  medium 
large,  oblate,  sour,  striped,  of  very  good  quality.  Early  winter.  It  was  considered 

•    •  •  o  f 

promising  in  1079. 

GERMANITE. — Synonym  of  Jarminite. 

GEWISS  GOOD. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  them  died  previous  to  1884, 
the  other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1880,  and  a  fair  crop  of  very  small  fruit  in  1884.  It  was 
dead  the  next  year  and  was  never  considered  promising. 

GlLPlN. — See  Small  red  long  keeper. 

GOLD  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  trees  proved  to  be 
of  different  varieties,  one  of  which  was  probably  from  the  stock.  The  other  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1877  and  seems  to  have  died  soon  after.  Fruit,  large,  light  crimson  color, 
subacid.  Fall. 

GOLDEN  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  but  both  died  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  of  very  good  quality. 

GOLDEN  BALL. — Six  trees,  from  different  sources,  were  planted.  Four  of  these 
died  without  fruiting;  another  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  then  died,  while  the  last 
one  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1886,  1891,  1894,  and  1895  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  It 
was  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  large  to  very  large,  roundish  oblate,  yellow,  some- 
times shaded  dull  red,  subacid,  coarse,  good  for  cooking.  September.  Not  productive 
enough. 

GOLDEN  PEARMAIN. — Downing  says,  synonym  of  Clarke  pearmain.  Two  trees 
were  planted.  Both  were  in  poor  condition  in  1884.  They  bore  a  fair  crop  that  year. 
One  of  them  lived  to  bear  a  fair  crop  in  1886  and  was  cut  out  the  next  year.  Fruit, 
small,  only  good  in  quality. 

GOLDEN  SWEET.— Seven  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  in  three  different 
parts  of  the  orchard,  and  two  more  which  proved  to  be  the  same  in  another  place  under 
the  name  of  Lalle.  Four  of  these  trees  died  previous  to  or  soon  after  1884.  The 
others  were  large  healthy  trees ;  two  have  been  taken  out,  and  the  others  still  stand. 
These  bore  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886,  1888,  1890,  and  1895  and  have  borne  a  few  apples  in 
1889,  1891,  and  1894.  Fruit,  of  medium  size  or  above,  light  yellow,  sweet  and  rich. 
August.  A  popular  variety  but  has  not  borne  so  much  as  it  should  to  be  valuable. 

GOLDEN  WINTER. — Three  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878  and  1879  and  all  were  dead  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  small,  only  good  in  quality, 
oblate,  russet.  Winter. 

GOOSEBERRY. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  died  the  next  year,  the  other  bore 
a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1890,  1893,  1894,  and  1895  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and 
1888.  The  trees  were  nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  large,  roundish, 
yellow,  subacid,  pleasant,  only  good  in  quality.  Not  of  much  value. 

GRANNY  SPICE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  fruit  in  1877  and  iSS6  and 
the  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  round,  yellow,  subacid.  August. 
Very  good  in  quality. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  323 

GRANTHAM. — Synonym  of  Jcfferies. — Two  trees  of  this  variety  were  planted  under 
this  name  and  another  under  the  name  of  Jersey  sweet.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples 
in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1890,  1891,  and  1893,  fair  crops  in  1890,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  full 
crop  in  1888.  One  of  the  trees  died  between  1880  and  1884,  another  was  taken  out  in 
1891,  and  the  other  still  stands.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  striped  red,  with  yel- 
lowish flush,  tender,  mild  subacid,  pleasant,  best  in  quality  for  either  dessert  or  kitchen. 
August  and  September. 

GRAVENSTEIN. — Five  trees  were  planted.  All  but  two  of  these  died  without 
fruiting  and  another  died  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1888,  1890, 
1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  striped  and  marked  red,  subacid,  very  good  to 
best  in  quality.  September.  Not  valuable  because  not  productive  enough. 

GREAT  KEEPER. — Three  trees  were  planted  and  at  least  one  tree  was  not  true. 
The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1884.  One  of  the  trees  died  previous  to 
1884  and  the  others  in  1885. 

GREEN'S  CHOICE. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  variety  bore 
a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1890,  and  1894  and  full  crops  in  1884,  1886,  and  1888.  Two 
of  the  trees  died  prior  to  1884  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1894. 

GREEN  LIMBERTWIG. — See  Limbertwig,  p.  329. 

GREEN  SKIN  (of  Virginia). — Four  trees  were  planted.  Three  of  these  died  previ- 
ous to  1884,  the  other  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1888  and  a  few  apples  in  1890  and  1894  and 
was  then  cut  out.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  subacid,  very  good  in 
quality,  but  apt  to  scab  and  very  inferior  in  appearance. 

GREEN  WINTER  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  trees 
bore  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1879  and  were  dead  before  1884.  Fruit,  small  to  medium 
size,  red.  Autumn.  Only  good  in  quality. 

GREIST'S  FINE  WINTER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1877  and  a 
few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and  the  tree  was  dead  before  1884.  Fruit,  medium  to  large, 
red  striped,  oblate,  of  very  good  quality.  Winter. 

GREY  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and 
1886.  One  tree  had  died  in-i884;  the  other  died  in  1887.  Fruit,  of  medium  size  and 
only  good  in  quality. 

GREY  HOUSE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  in  1887  and  the  other 
was  taken  out  in  1895-6.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1884,  1886,  1894,  and  1895, 
and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  oblique,  greenish  yellow,  splashed 
red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Season,  late  winter. 

GREY  VANDEVERE. — Synonym  of  Vandevere,  One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a 
few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  1890,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  red  striped,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  The  tree  always 
seemed  in  perfect  health,  but  not  productive  enough. 

GRIMES'  GOLDEN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1886,  a 
full  crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  in  1890,  1891,  1893,  and  1894.  The  tree  was  then  cut 
out.  The  fruit  on  this  individual  tree  would  not  at  any  time  have  attracted  attention  for 
special  excellence  or  the  tree  for  fruitfulness  ;  yet  the  variety  is  deservedly  popular  over 
a  wide  area  as  an  early  winter  apple.  Fruit,  above  medium,  yellow,  mild,  and  very 
pleasant  subacid,  one  of  the  best  in  quality.  Late  fall  and  early  winter,  though  with 
care  it  may  be  had  until  March. 

GROSSE  PIGEONNETTE  (?). — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1887  and  the 
other  was  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1886, 
and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  In  1878  the  fruit  was  said  to  be  "of  little  worth" 
and  the  next  year  "  very  good,  worth  trial."  It  is  not  now  considered  of  any  value. 
Fruit,  medium  t.->  large,  roundish,  almost  covered  with  red,  harsh  subacid,  only  good  in 
quality,  very  sho  vy. 


324  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \Julyt 

GROS  VERT  (GROSSE  VERTE). — Six  trees  were  planted.  Two  trees  died  in  1885, 
and  the  rest,  in  poor  condition,  were  taken  out  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples 
in  1877  and  1884,  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1886,  and  a  full  crop  in  1879.  Fruit,  large, 
green,  acid,  only  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

HALLOCK'S  FAVORITE. — Two  trees  were  planted  and  both  died  between  1879  and 
1884.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  small,  only  good  in  quality. 

HANCOCK. — One  tree  was  planted  which  still  remains  in  good  condition.  It  bore 
a  few  apples  in  1884,  1886,  1890,  1891,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  rather 
large,  roundish  oblate,  oblique,  greenish  yellow,  splashed  dull  red;  dots,  very  conspicuous. 
Flesh,  coarse,  yellowish,  subacid,  good  in  quality.  December  to  April. 

HARRISON. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was 
in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879, 
1884,  1886,  1891,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  small,  yellow,  acid, 
juicy,  only  good  in  quality.  A  noted  cider  apple  in  some  places. 

HARVEST  RED  STREAK. — Six  trees  were  planted,  three  under  this  name,  two  under 
the  name  of  Philadelphia  queen  and  one  under  the  name  of  Bullock's  pippin.  All  were 
sound  and  healthy  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1893, 
fair  crops  in  1886,  1890,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Trees  large  and  irregular. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish  conical,  splashed  red,  with  a  thin  bloom,  subacid,  good  in 
quality.  Last  of  July  and  first  of  August.  It  is  apt  to  be  imperfect  and  irregular  in  size. 

HIESTER. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  One 
tree  died  previous  to  1884,  another  in  1885  and  the  third  was  in  fair  condition  when 
taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1894,  and  1895, 
a  fair  crop  in  1888,  and  a  good  crop  in  1886.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  roundish,  striped 
light  red,  good  in  quality,  mild  subacid.  Late  fall  and  early  winter. 

HENWOOD. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other 
was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1894-5.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878,  1879, 
1886,  and  1894,  and  fair  crops  in  1879  and  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish  oblong, 
yellow,  blushed  dull  red,  brisk  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Not  productive 
enough. 

HENWOOD  BELLFLOWER. — Four  trees  of  two  different  varieties  were  planted  under 
this  name.  The  variety  (?_)  bore  some  apples  in  1877  and  all  the  trees  were  dead 
previous  to  1884. 

HEPLER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  previous  to  1884  and  the 
other  was  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples 
in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1890,  1893,  1894,  and  1895,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  a  full  crop  in 
1888.  Fruit,  of  medium  size  or  above,  oblate,  yellow,  blushed  pale  red,  brisk  subacid, 
very  good  quality.  Late  winter.  This  variety  at  one  time  seemed  very  promising. 

HERR'S  WINTER. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  One 
died  in  1885,  the  other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

HESS. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1884,  and 
good  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  The  tree  was  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1894. 
Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish,  striped,  acid,  only  good  in  quality. 

HICKS  {Buckram}. — Four  trees  of  this  variety  were  planted  in  different  parts  of 
the  orchard  under  the  names  Hicks,  Buckram,  and  Bent  ley  sweet.  All  the  trees  were 
in  poor  condition  in  1884  and  1886  and  three  of  them  were  taken  out  in  1887.  The 
other  tree  seemed  to  recover  largely  and  is  still  a  very  fair  tree.  The  variety  has  no 
record  of  bearing  until  1884.  One  tree  bore  a  few  apples  that  year  and  two  others  full 
crops,  and  all  the  trees  bore  fair  crops  in  1886.  The  tree  still  left  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1889  and  1893,  fair  crops  in  1890,  1891,  and  1894,  and  full  crops  in  1888  and  1895. 
Fruit,  large,  somewhat  irregular,  striped  red,  sweet,  very  good  to  best.  Season,  latter 
part  of  July  and  first  part  of  August.  It  is  good  to  eat  when  less  than  half  grown. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  325 

HiGBY  SWEET. — Nine  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  Two  of  these  did  not 
fruit  and  two  others  proved  to  be  a  sour  russet  winter  apple,  while  the  rest  were  true. 
Both  trees  and  fruit  are  too  liable  to  scab.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878,  1879,  1891 
and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit  of  medium 
size,  roundish  conic,  pale  yellow  with  clear  pale  red  blush,  spicy  sweet,  very  good  or 
best  when  perfect.  Late  fall  and  early  winter. 

HIGHTOP  WINTER  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne 
in  1886  and  1895  and  a  small  crop  in  1888.  The  trees  were  in  good  health  when  taken 
out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  small,  greenish  yellow,  sweetish,  tough.  November  and  December. 
HILL'S  FAVORITE. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  a 
small  crop  in  1888,  a  fair  crop  in  1895.  The  tree  was  in  good  condition  when  taken  out 
in  1895-6.  Fruit,  below  medium  size,  oblate,  rich  yellow  marbled  with  red,  subacid, 
good  to  very  good.  September. 

HILL'S  LONG  STEM. — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1886, 
1891,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  The  trees  were  in  good  health  when  taken 
out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  below  medium  size,  round,  greenish  yellow,  almost  sweet.  Latter 
half  of  August. 

HINCKLEY'S  SWEET. — Five  trees  were  planted.  Three  trees  died  previous  to 
1884.  The  other  two,  in  poor  condition,  bore  a  few  apples  that  year  and  died  the  next 
Fruit,  large,  good  in  quality 

HYSLOP  CRAB. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name  which  proved  not  to  be 
true.  The  variety  was  found  growing  in  another  place  where  it  had  been  planted  with- 
out name.  While  this  is  usually  recommended  as  one  of  the  best  of  the  Siberian  crabs,  it 
has  not  done  well  in  this  orchard. 

HOBBS'  LATE  SWEET. —  Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  At  least  one 
of  these  was  a  small,  sour,  worthless  apple.  The  sweet  apple  seems  to  have  borne  a  few 
apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1884.  All  either  died  or  were  cut  out  pre- 
vious to  1888.  The  sweet  apple  was  medium  to  large,  yellow,  roundish,  good  to  very 
good  in  quality. 

HOLLAND'S  RED  WINTER. — Three  trees  of  two  varieties  under  this  name  were 
planted.  There  is  a  record  of  a  full  crop  in  1877  and  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and 
1884.  Two  of  the  trees  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other  in  1885.  Holland's  red 
winter  is  given  as  a  synonym  of  Winesap,  and  in  1887  the  fruit  was  voted  as  being  very 
much  like  Winesap,  but  with  whiter  flesh. 
HOLLIS  RED. — Same  as  Holly. 

HOLLY. — Six  trees  were  planted  and  at  least  one  tree  was  not  true  to  name.  The 
variety  bore  apples  in  1879,  1884,  1886,  and  1895,  and  a  heavy  crop  in  1888.  Fruit, 
small,  roundish,  striped,  almost  covered  with  red,  sweetish.  Quality,  good,  and  keeps 
until  the  following  summer. 

HORNING. — Synonym  of  Sops  of  wine.  The  variety  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  good 
crops  in  1886  and  1888,  and  some  fruit  in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1890,  and  1891.  The  trees 
were  taken  out  in  1891-2.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish,  striped,  and  nearly  covered 
with  red,  subacid.  Quality,  good.  Season,  August.  While  the  trees  seem  to  bear  well 
enough  and  the  variety  is  often  recommended,  it  does  not  seem  desirable  on  account  of 
inferior  quality. 

HONEY  GREENING. — Two  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878,  1879,  and  1886.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in 
1887.  Fruit,  medium  size,  yellow,  sweet,  good  to  very  good.  Early  winter. 

HOOKER. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  A  few  apples  were  borne- 
in  1876.  Two  of  the  trees  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other  in  1885  with  no  further 
record  of  fruiting.  Fruit,  small,  conical,  truncate,  yellow  with  russet  patches,  and 
striped  dull  crimson.  Season,  winter. 


326  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

HOOPS. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  tree  bore  small  crops  in  1888  and  1895. 
Downing  gives  Hoops  as  a  synonym  of  Greyhouse,  but  as  grown  here  the  two  have  not 
been  identical,  though  similar. 

HOPKINS  RED. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  some  fruit  but  died  between  iSSo 
and  1884.  Fruit,  oblate,  sour,  striped  red. 

HORMEAD  PEARMAIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878,  1879,  and  1886,  and  were  cut  out  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  yellow,  subacid, 
sprightly,  good  to  very  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

HORSE  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  was  taken  out  in  1890,  and  the 
other  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1886  and  1888  and  a  few  apples  in 
1891,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  above  medium  size,  round,  rich  yellow,  shaded  with 
orange  red,  subacid,  rich,  but  not  pleasant,  in  season  during  August. 

HOUSUM'S  RED. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1879,  another  previous 
to  1884,  and  the  third  was  taken  out  in  1889.  The  variety  bore  in  1878  and  1879. 
Fruit,  of  medium  size,  and  very  good  in  quality. 

HUBBARDSTON. — Synonym  of  Hu bbar dston  nonsuch.  Four  trees  were  planted^ 
One  tree  died  soon  after  1873  and  all  the  rest  previous  to  1884.  A  few  apples  were  borne 
in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  large  and  of  very  good  quality. 

HUGHES'  VIRGINIA  CRAB. — Synonym  of  Hewes'  Virginia  crab.  Four  trees  were 
planted  under  this  name  and  another  under  the  name  of  WaugKs  crab.  The  trees  were 
all  in  perfect  health  when  taken  out  in  1894-5.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  a 
fair  crop  in  1888  and  1894.  Fruit,  small,  yellowish,  and  dull  red,  acid,  good  only  for 
cider. 

HULSE'S  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1891,  and 
1894  and  full  crops  in  1888  and  1895.  Fruit,  small,  oblate,  pale  yellow,  sweet,  only 
good  in  quality. 

HUNGE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  in 
fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1886, 
1894,  and  1895  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  roundish  oblate,  yellow,  mild  sub- 
acid,  not  rich,  only  good  in  quality. 

HUNT'S  RUSSET. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
They  bore  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1879  and  all  were  dead  before  1884.  Fruit,  small, 
russet,  very  good  in  quality.  Season,  January  to  April. 

HURLBUT. — One  tree  was  planted  which  was  in  good  health  when  taken  out  in 
1895-6.  It  bore  small  crops  in  1888,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish  oblate, 
greenish  yellow,  striped  with  red,  mild  subacid,  only  good  in  quality. 

HYATT'S  WONDERFUL. — Two  trees  of  two  different  varieties  were  planted  under 
this  name.  One  of  these  has  not  been  determined  with  certainty,  but  seems  to  be  Clyde 
beauty.  The  other  is  the  same  as  was  planted  in  other  parts  of  the  orchard  under  the 
names  Gloria  mundi,  Pound  pippin,  Josephine,  and  Mountain  belle.  The  variety  under 
all  these  names  has  been  a  shy  bearer.  Three  of  the  trees  were  in  good  condition  when 
taken  out  in  1895-6,  but  none  of  them  had  ever  borne  more  than  a  fair  crop.  Fruit,  very 
large,  oblate,  yellow,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Only  valuable  as  a  curiosity  on 
account  of  its  large  size. 

HYATT'S  WONDERFUL  (Clyde  beauty  ?). — Tree  very  large  and  healthy.  There  is 
no  way  of  separating  the  record  of  this  tree  from  the  others  until  1888,  in  which  year  it 
bore  a  very  heavy  crop, — 28  bushels.  There  were  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1891,  1893,  and 
a  fair  crop  in  1895. 

ILLINOIS  RED. — Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  and  there  were  two 
different  varieties.  The  Illinois  red  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and  all  were 
dead  before  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  red,  only  good  in  quality.  Season,  September. 

IMPERIAL  MAGNIFIQUE. — Two  trees  were  planted.    One  tree  was  dead  previous  to 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  327 

1884,  and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1889.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878,  1879, 
1884,  and  1886.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  sour,  striped.  Season,  winter.  Quality,  very  good. 

INDIANA  FAVORITE. — This  variety  was  found  growing  under  the  name  of  Green 
sweet.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879, 1884,  1891,  and  1894,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  heavy 
crops  in  1888  and  1895.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  splashed  with  red,  pleasant  subacid, 
very  good  in  quality.  Season,  late  winter.  This  is  an  exceedingly  promising  variety, 
reminding  one  of  Minkler,  but  has  been  much  more  productive. 

IRISH  PEACH. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1895,  a  full 
crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  in  1891  and  1894.  Fruit,  below  medium  size,  roundish, 
splashed  with  light  red,  mild  subacid.  Quality,  good.  Season,  August. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1886 
and  1888  and  a  few  apples  in  1891  and  1894.  Then  the  trees  were  taken  out.  Fruit, 
small,  oblate,  yellow,  rich  subacid.  Season,  early  winter.  Too  small  to  be  of  value  and 
not  productive  enough. 

JACKSON. — See  Amos  Jackson,  p.  313. 

JACOB  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was 
nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1887.  It  bore  full  crops  in  1877  and  1886,  and  a  few 
apples  in  1884.  Fruit,  roundish,  .oblong,  pale  yellow,  subacid,  but  not  rich.  Season, 
autumn. 

JAMES  COAL. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884,  and  the  other 
in  1885.  The  trees  fruited  but  once,  and  were  then  considered  promising.  Fruit,  medium 
size,  roundish,  sweet,  striped.  Season,  late  fall. 

JAMES  RIVER. — According  to  Downing  this  is  a  synonym  of  Willow  twig,  but 
while  there  is  some  resemblance  both  in  tree  and  fruit  as  grown  here,  they  cannot  be 
said  to  be  identical.  James  River  is  also  given  as  a  synonym  of  Limbertwig,  but  our 
James  River  was  very  different  from  that.  Three  trees  were  planted.  One  died  pre- 
vious to  1884,  another  in  1885,  and  the  third  was  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in 
1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1884,  fair  crops  in  1886  and 
1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Much  of  the  fruit  is  apt  to  be  imperfectly  matured.  The 
fruit  differs  from  Willow  in  being  smoother,  paler  in  color,  and  in  having  lighter  colored 
flesh  of  milder  quality. 

JANE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other  was  in 
good  health  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  trees  bore  some  fruit  in  1880,  1884,  and 
1886,  a  fair  crop  in  1888,  and  a  small  crop  in  1895.  Fruit,  above  medium  size,  oblate, 
lemon  yellow,  marbled  pale  red,  rich,  mild  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Season,  winter. 

JANET  (of  Muir). — One  tree  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  the  same  as 
Bastard  or  Wright's  Janet.  The  tree  was  sound  when  taken  out  in  1895-6,  but  was 
unproductive. 

JARMINE  BALLARD. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  two  more  under 
the  name  of  Jarminite.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884,  another  in  1887,  and  the  other 
two  were  good  trees  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 
1879,  1884,  1886,  1891,  and  1894,  a  fair  crop  in  1888,  and  a  small  crop  in  1895.  Fruit, 
medium  size,  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  striped  red,  subacid,  mild,  only  good  in  quality. 

JERSEY  BLACK. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  full  crop  of  fruit  in  1877,  and 
seems  to  have  died  soon  after.  Fruit,  small,  but  very  good  in  quality. 

JERSEY  SWEET. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  proved  to  be 
Jefferies,  another  Lowell,  and  a  third  a  green  sweet  apple,  which  was  not  identified. 

JEFFERIES. — See  Grantham. 

JEWETT'S  BEST. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  previous  to  1884, 
and  the  other  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1889.  The  variety  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  and  1886,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  oblate, 
nearly  covered  red,  very  good  in  quality.  Season,  winter. 


328  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \_July, 

JEWETT'S  FINE  RED. — Two  trees  were  planted.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1884,  at  which  time  they  were  in  very  poor  condition.  Both  were  dead  in  1886.  Fruit, 
very  small,  only  good  in  quality. 

JOHN  STUART'S  RED. — Three  trees  were  planted,  one  of  which  bore  a  greenish 
yellow  sweet  apple,  and  the  other  small  red,  subacid.  Fruit,  only  good  in  quality 

JOHNSON'S  FINE  WINTER. — Synonym  of  York  Imperial. — Two  trees  were  planted. 
Both  trees  were  taken  out  in  1887,  because  nearly  dead.  They  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1877 
and  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblong,  subacid,  striped 
with  red,  of  good  quality.  This  variety  has  done  well  in  many  places,  but  not  in  this 
orchard. 

JONATHAN  (OF  BULER). — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  The  fruit  is 
very  distinct  from  Jonathan.  The  tree  has  always  been  in  good  health.  It  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1891,  and  1893,  fair  crops  in  1886,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a 
heavy  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  rather  large,  oblate,  striped  red,  pleasant,  subacid,  very  good 
in  quality.  Season,  September  and  October. 

JONES'S  EARLY  HARVEST.— Synonym  of  Carolina  red  June. — Two  trees  were 
planted  under  this  name,  which  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Carolina  red  June. 

JOSEPHINE. — Synonym  of  Belle  Josephine.  Proved  to  be  the  same  as  Gloria 
mundi. 

JUNALUSKEE. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  of  them  appeared 
to  be  true,  the  other  not.  The  trees  were  in  good  health,  when  taken  out  in  1894-5. 
Fruit,  small,  red,  subacid,  very  good.  Season,  winter.  Not  of  much  value. 

JUNE  APPLE. — Synonym  of  Carolina  red  June.  Four  trees  were  planted  under 
this  name  and  two  under  the  name  of  Jones's  early  harvest.  The  variety  seems  not  to 
have  borne  until  1886.  Since  then  it  has  borne  two  fair  crops,  and  a  few  apples  four 
times.  The  fruit  is  very  apt  to  scab.  Fruit,  small,  oblong,  red,  subacid,  pleasant,  very 
good  in  quality.  More  profitable  south. 

KIDDLESTON  PIPPIN.— Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1887  and  the  other 
was  nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1889.  The  variety  bore  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1879 
and  good  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  size,  oblong,  sour,  yellow 
or  russet.  Quality,  very  good.  Season,  early  winter. 

KENTUCKY  LONG  KEEPER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879  and  then  died.  It  seemed  to  be  the  same  as  Krauser's  pippin. 

KENTUCKY  RED. — Synonym  of  Kentucky  red  streak.  Two  trees  were  planted. 
One  of  these  died  previous  to  1884.  The  other  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1889,  and 
1891  and  a  small  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  conical,  striped  red,  mild  sub- 
acid,  almost  sweet.  Season,  January  to  April. 

KENTISH  FILL-BASKET. — Two  trees  were  planted,  one  of  which  was  not  true  to 
name.  Fruit,  large,  roundish  oblate,  yellow  shaded  dull  red,  subacid,  only  good.  Fall 
apple. 

KING  OF  PIPPINS  (KING  OF  THE  PIPPINS?). — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a 
full  crop  in  1877  and  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879.  The  tree  died  in  1885.  Fruit, 
medium  to  large,  oblate,  yellowish  shaded  red,  good  to  very  good  in  quality. 

KING'S  POCKET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884  and  the 
other  was  in  fair  health  when  taken  out  in  1894-5.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1877,  1889,  and  1890,  and  good  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  oblate, 
yellow,  usually  shaded  dull  red,  mild,  subacid,  scarcely  good.  Season,  September  and 
October. 

KINGSLEY. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1884  and  died  in  1887. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish,  acid,  striped  with  red,  good  in  quality. 

KRAUSER  PIPPIN  (KRAUSER?). — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few'apples 
in  1878  and  1884  and  a  fair  crop  in  1879.  All  the  trees  died  before  1886. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  329 

LADY  APPLE. — Two  trees  of  this  variety  were  grown  under  the  name  of  Wax 
apple.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  full  crops  in  1888  and  1895.  One 
tree  was  in  poor  condition  and  was  taken  out  in  1889.  The  other  is  in  good  health. 
Fruit,  small,  oblate,  yellow  blushed  red,  very  handsome,  subacid,  pleasant,  quality  very 
good.  Season,  late  winter. 

LADY  CRAB. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  all  of  which  proved  to  be 
Lady  Elgin.  The  trees  bore  heavy  crops  in  1877,  1878,  and  1879,  a  good  crop  in  1886, 
a  fair  crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1890,  1891,  and  1893.  The  trees  were  then 
all  taken  out,  though  in  good  condition. 

LADIES'  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  one  of  which  was  not 
true.  The  tree  never  bore  more  than  a  few  apples  and  died  in  1887.  Fruit,  large,  best 
in  quality. 

LALLE. — Same  as  Golden  sweet. 

LANCASTER  GREENING  ;  LANCASTER  (of  Ind.). — Seem  to  be  the  same.  Three  trees 
were  planted.  These  bore  more  or  less  fruit  for  different  seasons  up  to  1886.  The  last 
of  the  trees  died  in  1887.  Fruit,  medium  size,  conic,  subacid,  good  to  very  good  in 
quality.  Season,  late  winter. 

LANCASTER  (of  Jones). — Is  different  from  the  other,  being  oblate,  a  sharper  acid, 
richer.  Season,  September  and  October. 

LARGE  FINE  RED. — Two  trees  of  two  varieties  were  planted  under  this  name. 
One  was  a  pale  yellow  apple  of  very  good  quality,  ripe  in  August,  and  the  other  was 
oblate,  irregular,  yellow,  shaded  with  red,  subacid.  Only  good  in  quality.  Season, 
winter. 

LARGE  NEVER  FAIL. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  previous  to  1884,  and 
the  other  in  1887.  The  latter  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886. 

LARGE  RAMBO. — Synonym  of  Western  beauty.  Two  trees  were  planted.  They 
bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and  both  died  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  large  and 
very  good  in  quality. 

LARGE  YELLOW  SIBERIAN  CRAB. — Two  trees  of  this  variety  were  found  growing 
under  other  names.  Fruit,  very  large  for  a  crab,  clear  waxen  yellow,  subacid,  pleasant, 
best  in  quality  for  either  kitchen  or  dessert.  Season,  August.  The  trees  have  borne  a 
few  apples  in  1890  and  1892,  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886,  1889,  and  1893,  and  full  crops  in 

1888,  1891,  1894,  and  1895.     It  probably  bore  some  earlier  than  this,  but  there  is  no 
record  of  it.     One  of  the  best,  if  not  the  best,  of  the  Siberian  crabs. 

LATE  STRAWBERRY. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name ;  another  which 
proved  the  same  thing  under  the  name  of  For syt he's  seedling,  and  two  others  without 
name.  This  tree  bore  large  crops  in  1878  and  1888,  fair  crops  in  1879,  1884,  1886,  1894, 
and  1895,  and  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1890,  and  1893.  Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish 
oblong,  greenish  yellow,  splashed  with  red,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality. 
Season,  September.  This  seems  to  be  a  very  desirable  variety. 

LAWYER'S  SEEDLING  No.  i. — Bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and  died  soon 
after.  Fruit,  medium  size,  yellow  with  a  blush,  of  very  good  quality.  Season,  August. 

LEDGE  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  fruit  was  large, 
subacid,  ripe  in  September. 

LEICESTER  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886, 
and  was  nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1887.  The  fruit  was  large  and  of  very  good 
quality. 

LIBERTY. — One  tree  was  planted.     This  bore  a  few  apples  in    1878,  1879,  1886, 

1889,  1890,  1891,  and  1894  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.      The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1894-5. 
Fruit,  large,  roundish,  shaded  and  striped  dull  red,  sweetish.     Quality,  good.     Season, 
winter. 

LIMBERTWIG,  8  trees;  LIMBERTWIG  (of  King),  5  trees  ;  LIMBERTWIG  (of  Mathias), 
16  trees;  GREEN  LIMBERTWIG,  2  trees;  OHIO  LIMBERTWIG,  3  trees;  ROBEY'S  LIMBER- 


330  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \_July, 

TWIG,  3  trees  ;  RED  LIMBERTWIG,  3  trees. — Two  trees  planted  as  Orange  red,  and  two 
others  as  Red  jewel  (of  Ky.),  proved  to  be  Limbertwig.  Most  of  the  trees  planted 
under  the  names  Limbertwig,  Limbertwig  (of  Mathias),  and  Ohio  limbertwig  grew  tall 
and  erect,  compact,  and  bore  a  few  apples  of  very  inferior  quality,  apparently  of  Russian 
origin.  At  least  two  of  the  trees  planted  as  Limbertwig  proved  to  be  Summer  limbertwig . 
There  is  some  difference  in  color  of  the  fruit  of  Green  limbertwig  and  Red  limbertwig,  as 
would  be  indicated  by  the  names,  though  not  so  much  as  the  names  would  lead  one  to 
expect.  All  the  trees  known  to  have  been  Limbertwig  remained  in  good  condition  until 
taken  out.  Fruit,  medium  size  or  below,  roundish  oblate,  skin  rough  greenish  yellow, 
shaded  and  striped  dull  red,  mild  subacid,  quality  good.  Season,  late  winter.  The 
variety  fruited  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  1888,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1895,  yielding  fair 
or  full  crops  at  least  four  times. 

LINDENWALD. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1885  and  the  other  was  taken 
out  in  1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1888,  and  1895.  Fruit,  medium 
size  or  above,  roundish,  lemon  yellow,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Season,  September. 

LONDON. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  soon  after  and  the  other 
was  taken  out  in  1895-6.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1895  and 
a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  greenish  yellow,  subacid,  good  to  very  good 
in  quality.  Season,  November  to  January. 

LONDON  PIPPIN. — Three  trees  were  planted  and*  all  were  dead  by  1886.  The 
variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  only  good  in  quality. 

LONDON  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1886, 
1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  roundish 
oblate,  yellow,  pleasant  sweet,  good  in  quality.  The  tree  was  in  good  health  when 
taken  out  in  1895-6. 

LONG  STEM  (of  Conn.). — Two  trees  were  planted.  Both  were  in  fine  condition 
when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1886,  1891, 
and  1894,  a  full  crop  in  1888,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1895.  Fruit,  below  medium  size,  round- 
ish oblate,  yellow,  very  sweet,  pleasant,  good  in  quality.  Season,  September  to  November. 

LONG  STEM  (of  Jones). — Two  trees  were  planted  and  both  died  previous  to  1884. 
A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  good  in  quality, 
striped  red. 

LOWELL. — One  tree  was  planted  under  the  name  of  Jersey  sweet.  The  tree  bore  a 
few  apples  in  1886,  1889,  1890,  1891,  and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1895,  and  a  full 
crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  oblong,  yellow,  rich,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good 
or  almost  best  in  quality.  Season,  last  of  August  and  first  of  September. 

McCov's  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  Both  were  dead  previous  to  1884. 
They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  and  1879.  Fruit,  large,  greenish,  good  in  quality. 
Season,  fall. 

MCDOWELL'S  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  proved  to 
be  Gloria  mundi  and  the  other  was  not  identified. 

MCLEAN'S  WINTER  PIPPIN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  died  between  1880  and 
1884,  having  borne  fruit  in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  red,  only  good  in 
quality.  Season,  winter. 

McLELLAN. — Three  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  these  were  dead  in  1884  and  the 
other  was  reported  as  in  only  fair  condition  in  1886,  but  it  has  since  recovered  and  is 
now  in  very  good  health.  It  has  borne  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1891,  and 
1893,  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1886,  and  full  crops  in  1888,  1890,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit, 
large,  roundish,  nearly  covered  with  red,  rich,  subacid.  Season,  October  to  December. 
The  fruit  is  more  like  Downing's  description  of  Ohio  nonpareil  than  McLellan.  One  of 
our  best  and  most  productive  fall  apples. 

MAGNOLIA. — Three  trees  were  planted.     They   bore  a  few    apples  in  1878,  1879, 


1896.]  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES.  331 

1888,  and  1895.     The  trees  were  all  in  good  health  when  taken  out  from  1894  to  1896. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  striped  red,  subacid,  aromatic.     Season,  October. 

MAGNUM  BONUM. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name;  all  proved  to  be 
mangum. 

MAIDEN  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  one  of  which  proved 
untrue.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  small,  of  very  good 
quality.  Season,  autumn. 

MAIDEN'S  BLUSH. — This  was  planted  under  the  name  of  Uchella.  A  little  fruit 
was  borne  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1884,  1890,  1893,  and  1894,  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and 
1888.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  yellow  with  a  red  blush,  sharp  subacid,  very  good  in 
quality.  Season,  autumn.  Though  this  is  one  of  the  most  popular  of  our  fall  apples  it 
has  not  done  well  in  either  orchard  where  planted  on  the  Experiment  Station  farm. 

MAIDEN'S  FAVORITE. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name,  which  proved  to  be 
the  same  as  Mangum. 

MAMMOTH  JUNE. — Four  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  the  trees  were  taken  out  in 
1887,  because  nearly  dead,  and  another  in  1893.  The  fourth  tree  was  still  in  good 
health  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  medum  to  large  in  size,  roundish,  conic,  shaded 
and  striped  red,  pleasant  subacid.  Season,  last  of  July  and  August. 

MANGUM. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name,  at  least  one  under  the  name  of 
Magnum  bonum,  and  one  under  the  name  of  Maiden's  favorite.  The  variety  fruited  in 
1878,  1879,  1884,  and  1886,  bore  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1891,  and  1893,  fair  crops  in 
1890  and  1894,  and  full  crops  in  1888  and  1895.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  roundish 
conical,  greenish  yellow,  striped  red  with  a  bloom,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality. 
Season,  autumn. 

MANNINGTON. —  Three  trees  were  planted.  One  of  them  proved  to  be  Red 
Astrachan. 

MANNINGTON'S  PEARMAIN. — One  tree  was  planted  and  it  died  between  1879  and 
1884.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  and  1889.  Fruit,  medium  size,  considerably 
russet,  very  good  in  quality.  Season,  early  winter. 

MANSFIELD  RUSSET. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1886,  but  the 
other  two  are  in  good  health  still.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1886,  1889,  and 
1892  and  full  crops  in  1877,  1884,  1888,  1890,  1891,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  small  to 
quite  small,  roundish  or  oblong,  thinly  russet,  shaded  with  red,  rich  subacid,  very  good 
in  quality.  Season,  November  and  December.  Too  small  for  general  purposes. 

MARCH'S  RED  SEEDLING. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  one  of  which 
proved  untrue.  The  variety  bore  fruit  in  1876,  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  1888,  1891, 
1894,  and  1895,  and  only  one  even  fair  crop  in  that  time.  Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish, 
oblate,  red  over  most  of  the  surface,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Season. 
October  to  January. 

MARIETTA  RUSSET. — Synonym  of  Roxbury  russet,  and  was  the  same  as  English 
russet  of  Western  N.  Y.  Altogether  six  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  1889,  1891,  and  1894,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  The 
trees  were  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1894-5.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate, 
russet,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Season,  late  winter. 

MARIETTA  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  was  dead  in 
1884,  and  the  other  died  in  1886.  It  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1877  and  1879  and  a  few  apples 
in  1878  and  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  striped,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality. 
Season,  late  fall  and  early  winter. 

MARSHALL  (of  Maine). — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  some  fruit  in  1876  and 
died  between  1880  and  1884.  Fruit,  large,  sour,  striped,  very  good  in  quality. 

MARSHALL'S  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1876,  1878, 
and  1879,  and  was  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  oblate,  sweet,  very  good  in 
quality.  Winter. 


332  BULLETIN  NO.  4$.  \_July, 

MARYLAND  BEAUTY. — Synonym,  Maryland  red  streak.  Two  trees  planted  under 
the  former  name,  died  soon  after  without  fruiting.  Three  trees  were  planted  under  the 
latter  name.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1889,  1891,  and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1877, 
1886,  1888,  1890,  and  1895.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish,  marbled  and  splashed  with 
red,  subacid,  not  rich,  only  good  in  quality.  October. 

MARY  MAYER. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  They  bore  fruit  in 
1876,  1880,  and  1884.  One  seems  not  to  have  been  true,  the  other  was  small,  oblate, 
greenish  yellow,  striped  dull  red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

MASSAC  PIPPIN. — Fifteen  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  of  these  proved 
tx>  be  Pennock,  another  Summer  pound  royal,  and  another  the  same  as  one  of  the  Sheep, 
noses.  The  rest  died  without  being  identified. 

MAVERICK  SWEET. — Three  trees  were  planted.  The  trees  bore  some  in  1884,  1886, 
a  full  crop  in  1888,  a  few  apples  in  1890,  1894,  and  the  trees  were  in  very  poor  shape 
when  taken  out  in  1894-5.  Fruit,  below  medium,  roundish  oblate,  greenish  yellow, 
shaded  and  striped  with  dull  red,  pleasant  sweet,  only  good  in  quality.  November  to 
February. 

MAY. — One  tree  was  planted.     This  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  and  was  dead  in  1886. 

MAY  (of  Adair).  Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  They  bore  a  few 
apples,  three  different  times.  The  fruit  was  of  medium  size,  poor  in  quality.  August 
and  September. 

MAY  QUEEN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  apples  three  times,  and  the  tree  was 
in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  1892-3.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  nearly  covered 
with  red,  of  very  good  quality.  September. 

MELON. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  no  fruit  until  1884  and  at  that  time  the 
tree  was  nearly  dead.  It  died  the  next  year. 

MICHAEL  HENRY  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1891,  and  1893,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  full  crops  in  1877  and 
1888.  The  trees  were  in  poor  condition  when  taken  out  1893-4.  Fruit,  medium  size, 
conical,  yellow,  very  good  to  best.  Winter. 

MIDDLE. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  some  fruit  once,  but 
was  dead  in  1879.  Of  little  value. 

MILAM. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and 
was  dead  previous  to  1884.  This  is  one  of  the  varieties  that  was  standard  thirty  to  forty 
years  ago,  but  has  been  generally  superseded. 

MINISTER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  in  1890. 
The  variety  bore  fair  crops  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit, 
medium  to  large,  roundish,  oblong,  conic,  striped  red,  subacid,  good  in  quality.  Late 
fall  and  early  winter. 

MINKLER. — See  Brandy-wine,  under  which  name  the  variety  was  planted. 

MISSISSIPPI  RED. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  proved  to  be 
Red  Astrachan,  another  was  a  medium  sized  yellow  apple,  ripe  in  August,  and  the  other 
left  no  record  of  fruiting. 

MISSOURI  KEEPER. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  died  in  1887, 
and  the  other  was  taken  out  in  1893.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  and 
1884,  fair  crops  in  1879  and  1886,  and  a  heavy  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  medium  size  or 
below,  striped  red,  subacid.  only  good  in  quality. 

MONARCH. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  i836and  again  in  1888. 
The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1890.  Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish,  oblate,  striped  red, 
subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  September. 

MONK'S  FAVORITE.— One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878, 
and  1879,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  The  tree  was  nearly  dead  when  taken  out  in  1887. 
Fruit,  large,  oblate,  subacid,  of  very  good  quality.  Winter.  Rotted  badly  on  the  tree. 


180.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  333 

MONTALIVET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  proved  incorrect 
and  the  other,  though  apparently  true,  was  a  very  inferior  fruit  under  our  conditions. 
The  trees  only  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884.  One  tree  died  in  1886  and  the  other  in  1887. 

MOORE'S  SWEETING. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  and  seven  others 
under  the  name  of  Red  sweet  pippin.  These  proved  to  be  Moore's  sweet.  One  of  these 
trees  died  in  1885  and  another  in  1887.  Two  of  the  trees  were  taken  out  in  1889,  and 
the  other  five  in  1894-5  There  is  some  difference  in  the  bearing  of  the  individual  trees. 
In  general  they  produced  a  heavy  crop  in  1877,  fair  crops  in  1878,  1879,  and  1886,  a  few 
apples  in  1884,  1888,  1889,  and  1891.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  striped  dull  red,  sweet,  only 
good  in  quality. 

MOREY'S  MELON. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  is  very  different 
from  Melon.  The  tree  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1886,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1895  and 
fair  crops  in  1884  and  1888.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  oblate  pale  yellow,  mild,  subacid, 
rich,  very  good  in  quality.  September 

MOTE'S  RED  SEEDLING. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  All  the 
trees  were  dead  previous  to  1886.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  anc^  1884.  One  of 
these  proved  to  be  Mote's  sweet,  and  another  was  unknown  and  of  no  value. 

MOTHER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  in  1885  and  the  other, 
nearly  dead,  was  taken  out  in  1889.  The  variety  bore  a  good  crop  in  1886,  and  a  fair 
crop  in  1888.  Not  productive  enough  here  to  be  of  value. 

MOTHER  DAVIS. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  produced  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  and  "the  tree  died  previous  to  1886.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  size,  of  very  good 
quality.  November. 

MOUNTAIN  BELLE. — One  tree  was  planted.  The  tree  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884 
and  1886  and  was  dead  in  1887.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  striped,  only  good  in  quality. 
Winter. 

MOUNTAIN  SPROUT. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  fruit  once 
an<l  was  dead  previous  to  1884.  The  fruit  was  sweet,  but  of  no  value. 

MUNSON'S  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877  and  1886 
and  a  fair  crop  in  1884.  The  tree  died  in  1887.  The  fruit  is  medium  to  large,  oblate, 
yellow,  sweet,  good  in  quality.  Autumn. 

MURPHY'S  RED. — Six  trees  were  planted.  Some  fruit  was  borne  in  1884  and  a 
good  crop  in  1886.  Four  of  these  trees  were  dead  in  1884,  another  died  in  1885,  and  the 
last  in  1887.  The  fruit  was  of  very  little  value. 

NEASLEY  BELLFLOWER. — Synonym,  Neisley  bellflower.  Two  trees  were  planted. 
This  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879,  1884,  1886,  1890,  1891,  and  1894,  and  a  fair  crop 
in  1888  and  1895.  The  trees  were  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit, 
rather  large,  roundish  oblate,  striped  dull  red,  rich  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Early 
winter. 

NED. — Synonym  of  Saylor.  Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  three 
under  the  name  of  Creek,  and  two  others  under  the  name  of  Custard,  The  trees  seem 
to  be  almost  perfect  in  health  and  hardiness.  This  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877, 
1878.  1879,  1884,  1891,  1892,  and  1893,  fair  crops  in  1889.  1891,  and  1894,  and  full 
crops  in  1886,  1888;  1890,  and  1895.  Fruit,  medium  or  above  in  size,  roundish  oblate, 
greenish  yellow,  mostly  covered  with  red,  pleasant  subacid,  good  to  very  good  in  quality. 
November  to  January,  or  later,  if  well  cared  for.  All  things  considered  this  has  been  our 
best  early  winter  apple  on  the  Experiment  Station  farm. 

NELSON'S  VICTORY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884  and 
the  other  was  taken  out  in  1887.  A  few  apples  were  borne  in  1886.  Fruit,  large,  oblate, 
striped  dull  red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Late  autumn. 

NEWARK  KING. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  One 
died  soon  after  and  the  other  was  in  very  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  i8gt;-6.  The 


334  BULLETIN  NO.  45.  \_Jtdy, 

tree  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1894,  and  1895,  and  full  crops  in  1884  and  1888.  Fruit, 
above  medium  size,  roundish  or  oblong,  striped  bluish  red,  brisk  subacid,  very  good  to 
best.  November  to  January. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  The  tree  bore  some  fruit  in 
1878,  a  few  apples  in  1889, 1891,  and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1886, 1890,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop 
in  1888.  The  tree  was  in  excellent  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  large, 
roundish,  yellow,  slightly  russet,  rich,  sweet,  very  good  in  quality.  September.  This  is 
one  of  the  more  valuable  fall  sweet  apples. 

NICKAJACK. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  soon  after.  A  few  apples  were 
borne  in  1886,  and  the  tree  bore  no  more  fruit.  It  was  in  good  condition  when  taken 
out  in  1890. 

NINE  PARTNERS. — Two  trees  were  planted  and  both  died  previous  to  1884.  The 
variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879. 

Nix's  LARGE  RED  STREAK. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  some 
fruit  in  1884  and  was  dead  in  1886.  Fruit,  small,  yellow,  of  no  value. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  RED. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1885  and  the 
other  was  taken  out  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  of 
medium  size,  oblate,  dark  red,  mild  subacid,  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

NOTTINGHAM  BROWN. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
The  variety  bore  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1879,  and  both  trees  were  dead  previous  to  1888. 
Fruit,  large,  conical,  russet,  rich,  mild  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September  and 
October. 

NUMBERS  55,  106,  AND  108  (of  Morrison). — These  were  planted,  but  none  of  them 
seemed  worthy  of  special  mention. 

OBLONG  CRAB. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  all  of  which  bore  small 
oblate  crabs  of  excellent  quality,  but  too  small  to  be  of  value. 

OHIO  LIMBERTWIG. — See  Limber  twig. 

OHIO  RED  CHEEK. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879  and  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  red  striped,  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

ORANGE  RED  proved  to  be  Limber  twig. 

ORTLEY. — One  tree  was  found  that  had  been  planted  under  the  name  of  Red  Detroit. 
Some  fruit  was  borne  in  1886,  and  small  crops  in  1888,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1895. 
The  tree  was  not  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  medium  size, 
oblong  conic,  greenish  yellow,  brisk  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

ORNAMENT  DE  TABLE. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  and  two  others 
which  proved  to  be  the  same  thing  under  the  name  of  Osceola.  The  latter  name  was 
not  correct.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  and  1886,  and  a  fair 
crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  again  in  1891,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  roundish,  oblate, 
almost  covered  with  red,  pleasant  subacid,  almost  sweet,  very  good  in  quality.  October 
to  December. 

OSBORN'S  PIPPIN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  full  crop  in  1879  and  was 
dead  in  1890.  Fruit,  yellow,  acid,  very  good.  Winter. 

OSCEOLA. — Two  trees  were  planted  not  true.     See  Ornament  de  table. 

OSKALOOSA. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in 
1895-6.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  1891,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a 
fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  yellow,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality. 
October  and  November. 

Ox  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1889, 
1890,  and  1893,  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886,  1891,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  iSSS. 
The  tree  was  in  almost  perfect  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  large,  oblate, 
greenish  yellow,  sweet,  good  to  very  good.  September  to  November.  This  has  been  a 
very  good  fall  sweet  apple  and  would  be  profitable  for  the  kind  and  season. 


1896.]  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES.  335 

PARADISE  STRIE  D'HlVER. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  1889,  1890,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888. 
The  tree  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate, 
shaded  and  striped  red,  brisk  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September. 

PARMENTIER  REINETTE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1872  and  the 
other  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and  1884,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  roundish,  nearly  covered  with  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality. 

PAULET  RUSSET — Two  trees  were  planted  and  both  were  in  good  condition  when 
taken  out  in  1889.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  once.  Fruit,  small,  yellow,  subacid,  of 
little  value.  August. 

PAWPAW — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  were 
dead  in  1886. 

PEACH — Synonyms,  Peach  of  Kentucky,  Winter  peach.  Seven  trees  were  planted. 
All  but  two  of  the  trees  had  died  previous  to  1888.  Those  two  are  at  present  in  fair 
condition.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1876,  1878,  1879,  1884,  1891,  and  1894,  fair 
crops  in  1886  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  above  medium  size,  oblate,  light 
waxen  yellow,  sprightly  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  November  to  January. 

PEACH  POUND  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  and  died  between  1880  and  1884.  Fruit,  medium  to  large  in  size,  sweet,  very  good 
in  quality.  Winter. 

PEAK'S  RED,  or  PEAK'S  RED  WINTER. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  each  name, 
but  all  proved  to  be  the  same.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886,  and  all 
the  trees  were  dead  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Winter. 
PEARMAIN  ROUGE  D'HIVER. — Three  trees  were  planted,  at  least  one  of  which  was 
incorrect.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  conical,  russet,  with  a  red  cheek,  sprightly,  subacid,  of 
very  good  quality.  Late  winter.  The  variety  was  always  a  shy  bearer. 

PECK'S  PLEASANT. — Two  trees  were  planted  in  different  parts  of  the  orchard.  One 
tree  died  in  1879,  and  the  other  previous  to  1884.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 
and  a  light  crop  in  1879.  Fruit,  rather  large,  roundish,  yellow  with  a  blush,  sprightly 
subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Through  winter. 

PEDRICK'S  MULBERRY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  previous  to  1884, 
and  the  other  in  1888.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1886.  Fruit, 
variable  in  size,  of  very  good  quality.  Winter. 

PEKIN  (of  Indiana). — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and 
,1886,  and  a  full  crop  in  1884,  and  was  dead  in  1887.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblong, 
blushed  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

PENNOCK. — Was  found  growing  under  the  names  Pennock  of  Grain,  Crooked  red, 
Foster's  best,  and  Massac  pippin.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1886, 
1889,  1890,  1891,  and  1894,  a  fair  crop  in  1884  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit, 
rather  large,  oblate,  usually  oblique,  red,  coarse,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Through 
winter. 

PEOPLE'S  CHOICE. — One  tree  was  planted  and  it  is  still  in  very  fair  condition.  It 
has  borne  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1890,  1893,  and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1884,  1886, 
and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish,  conic,  mottled  red, 
rich,  brisk  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  October  and  November. 

PERPETUELLE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  full  crop  in  1877  and  was  dead 
previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  conical,  yellow  with  a  blush,  subacid.  Winter. 

PHILADELPHIA  GREEN. — Two  trees  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  Harvest 
red  streak, 

PHILLIP'S  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  was 
dead  in  1888. 

PICKARD'S  RESERVE. — Two  trees  were  planted.     One  died  previous  to  1884  and 


336  BULLETIN  NO.   45.  \.July, 

the  other  was  taken  out  in  1894-5.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1879,  1886, 
1891,  and  1894,  and  a  small  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  oblate  conic,  yellow  shaded 
dull  red,  rich,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  December  to  April. 

PICKMAN. — One  tree  was  planted  which  remained  in  good  condition  until  taken 
out  in  1895-6.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  fair 
crop  in  1886  and  1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate,  yellow,  rich,  sprightly  subacid, 
very  good  to  best  in  quality.  November  to  February. 

PIKER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  and 
1886,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  The  tree  was  in  fair  health  when  taken  out  in  1892. 
Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  striped  red,  subacid,  only  good 
in  quality.  Late  winter. 

PIGEON  BLANC. — Three  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  and  1886,  and  all  were  dead  in  1888. 
Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate,  yellow,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Late  fall. 

PIGEONETTE  JERUSALEM. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  fair  crops  in 
1878  and  1879,  and  all  were  dead  before  1884.  Fruit,  small,  oblong,  striped,  flesh  very 
white,  very  good  in  quality,  subacid. 

PINE  APPLE  RUSSET. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  fruit 
proved  to  be  red  striped  and  not  russet.  All  the  trees  were  dead  before  1886. 

PLEASANT  VALLEY  PIPPIN. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name  but  it  proved 
to  be  Poinme  grise. 

POESCHELL'S  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877 
but  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  yellow,  oblate,  sweet,  only  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

POMME  GRISE  o'OR. — Synonym  of  Pomme  grise.  The  variety  bore  a  full  crop  in 
1872,  a  few  apples  in  1886,  a  fair  crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  again  in  1889,  1891,  and 
1894.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1894-5.  Fruit,  small,  oblate,  russet,  subacid,  very 
good  to  best  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

POPLAR  BLUFF. — Synonym  of  Smith's  cider. 

PORTER  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  a 
light  crop  in  1879.  Both  trees  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  oblong,  yel- 
low, subacid,  very  good  to  best  in  quality.  Autumn. 

POUND  PIPPIN. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  Two  of  them  bore  large 
red  striped  apples  and  the  other  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Gloria  mundi. 

POUND  ROYAL. — Six  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  Only  one  lived  to  fruit 
and  it  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Summer  pound  royal. 

PRESIDENT  EWING. — -Two  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  few  very  small, 
poor  apples  in  1884  and  both  trees  were  dead  in  1886. 

PRICE  (of  South  Carolina). — Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few  inferior  apples  were 
borne  in  1884.  One  tree  was  dead  in  1886  and  the  other  died  in  1887. 

PRIESTLY. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  which  proved  to  be  Striped 
gilliflower. 

PRIESTLY  RUSSETTING. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  iSjS  and 
1879,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  The  tree  died  in  1887.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  striped  red 
and  roughened  with  russet  dots.  Quality,  very  good.  Winter. 

PRINCELY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  iS86. 
Cne  tree  died  in  1887  and  the  other  in  1888. 

PRINCE'S  YELLOW  WINTER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore" a  full  crop  in  i3S4i 
a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  was  dead  in  1888.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  oblate,  yellow,  subacid, 
very  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

PRINCETON. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1885  and  the  other  in  1887. 
The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and  1886.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  subacid.  of  very 
good  quality.  Autumn. 


1896.]  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES.  337 

PRIZE  SWEET. — Synonym  of  Premium.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1889, 
1891.  1894,  and  1895,  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  The  trees  were  in  fair  condition 
when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  roundish,  yellow  with  red  markings, 
sweet,  only  good  in  quality.  Early  autumn. 

PROTHER'S  WINTER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  inferior  apples  in  1886 
and  was  taken  out  in  1887. 

POM  (Pomme?}  WATER  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The 
fruit  proved  to  be  subacid. 

QUEEN. — Three  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  an  average  crop  in  1884,  and  all 
were  dead  in  1886.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  yellow,  shaded  red,  subacid,  very  good  in 
quality.  Autumn. 

RAMBO. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  others  as  "  resembling 
Buckingham"  All  the  trees  but  one  were  dead  by  1888,  and  that  was  not  in  good  con- 
dition and  was  taken  out  in  1893-4.  The  variety  bore  fair  crops  in  1878,  1879,  1886.  and 
1888  and  a  few  apples  in  nearly  every  other  year  until  taken  out.  Fruit  of  medium 
size,  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  striped  dull  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  This 
variety  usually  bears  heavily  and  young,  but  the  trees  are  short  lived. 

RAMBOUR  FRANC. — Synonym  of  Summer  rambo.  Four-trees  were  planted.  Two 
of  them  had  died  previous  to  1884,  and  the  others  are  still  in  first  rate  condition.  The 
variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1889,  1891,  1893,  1894,  and  1895,  fair  crops 
in  1877  and  1886,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  large,  roundish  oblate,  striped  red, 
pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Late  summer.  The  only  possible  objection  to 
this  variety  is  that  it  lacks  a  little  in  productiveness. 

RAMSDELL'S  RED  SWEET. — Synonym  of  English  sweet.  One  tree  was  planted. 
This  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1884,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886.  The  tree  was 
dead  in  iSSS.  Fruit  of  medium  size,  oblong  conic,  striped  red,  sweet,  good  in  quality. 
Through  autumn. 

RARE  RIPE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  a  full  crop  in 
1886.  and  a  few  apples  in  1888.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1889.  Fruit,  of  medium  size, 
oblate,  subacid,  yellow.  Late  winter.  Not  attractive,  only  good  in  quality. 

RED  ASHMORE. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  Proved  to  be  Red 
Astrachan. 

RED  ASTRACHAN. — Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  others  under  the 
names  Captain,  Carver  (of  New  York),  Compte  d'  Orloff*  Deterding 's  early,  Mannington, 
Red  Ashmore,  and  Royal  russet.  The  variety  under  all  these  names  has  been  unprom- 
ising, not  productive  enough,  and  the  fruit  often  cracking  from  the  effects  of  a  disease 
which  so  far  as  observed  is  peculiar  to  Red  Astrachan  and  Fourth  of  July,  though  much 
worse  on  the  former. 

RED  CEDAR. — Two  trees  were  planted  and  they  proved  to  be  of  different  varieties, 
one  a  large  russet  and  the  other  Red  cedar.  Small  to  medium,  roundish,  dark,  rich  red, 
good  in  quality.  Winter.  Both  trees  died  previous  to  1884. 

RED  DETROIT. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  proved  to  be  Ortley  and  the  other 
died  before  fruiting 

RED  FALL  PIPPIN. — Synonym  of  Red  winter  pearmain.  Two  trees  were  planted 
under  this  name,  only  one  of  which  proved  true. 

RED  JEWEL  (of  Kentucky). — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  both  of 
which  proved  to  be  Limber  twig. 

RED  OATS. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  variety  bore  a  few 
small  apples  in  1876,  and  the  trees  were  dead  soon  after. 

RED  LIMBERTWIG. — See  Limber  twig. 

RED  NEVER  FAIL. — Synonym  of  Rawle's  Janet.  Four  trees  were  planted,  part  of 
which  proved  not  to  be  true  to  name.  Three  of  the  trees  died  previous  to  1884  and  the 


338  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

> 

other  was  cut  out  in  1889.  Fruit,  roundish,  small  to  medium  in  size,  greenish  yellow, 
striped  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Through  winter.  Apt  to  overbear  and  is 
then  too  small  for  anything  but  cider. 

RED  PAWPAW. — Probably  a  synonym  of  Pawpaw.  Two  trees  were  planted. 
These  bore  a  full  crop  in  1884,  a  few  apples  in  1886,  and  were  taken  out  in  1890  without 
having  fruited  any  more. 

RED  RANGE. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and 
1890,  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1895,  and  full  crops  in  1877  and  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium 
size,  oblong,  conic,  nearly  covered  with  rich  dark  red,  numerous  white  dots,  rich  subacid, 
very  good  in  quality.  During  winter. 

RED  ROBINSON. — Three  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  these  died  previous  to  1884 
and  the  other  was  dead  in  1886.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and 
a  fair  crop  in  1884.  Fruit,  oblate,  of  medium  size,  striped  red,  acid,  good  in  quality. 
Winter. 

RED  RUSSET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  but  all  were  dead  previous 
to  1884  and  none  had  fruited.  Another  tree,  planted  without  name,  was  decided  to  be 
Red  russet.  This  bore  a  full  crop  in  1888,  small  crops  in  1890  and  1895,  and  a  few 
apples  in.  1889,  1891,  and  1894.  Fruit,  rather  large,  roundish  oblate,  dark  red  with  ap- 
pearance of  russet,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Late  winter  and  spring.  Not  pro- 
ductive enough  to  be  of  much  value. 

RED  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — Six  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  trees  were 
from  different  sources  and  were  not  alike.  One  lot  bore  small  to  medium  fruit,  red, 
subacid,  pleasant,  very  good  in  quality.  Early  winter.  The  other  lot  bore  fruit  similar 
to  the  West  field  seek-no-further  in  most  respects,  scarcely  so  large  and  more  red.  Both 
varieties  have  been  fairly  productive  but  the  former  is  too  small  to  be  of  value.  All  the 
trees  were  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1894-5  and  1895-6. 

RED  SIMMONS. — Synonym  of  Simmons'1  red.  Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in 
1887  and  the  other  was  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit  was  borne 
in  1878,  1879,  1889,  1891,  and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1895,  and  a  heavy  crop 
in  1888.  Fruit,  below  medium  size,  oblate,  red,  mild  subacid,  very  good  quality.  Early 
winter. 

RED  STREAK  WINTER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886 
and  were  taken  out  because  nearly  dead  in  1888. 

RED  STRIPE  (of  Pennsylvania). — Three  trees  planted  under  this  name  died  with- 
out fruiting.  The  variety  was  found  planted  under  the  name  of  White  Raivle's  Janet. 
The  record  does  not  show  when  it  began  bearing.  There  were  full  crops  in  1886,  1888. 
1890,  and  1895,  fair  crops  in  1889,  1891,  and  1894,  and  a  few  apples  in  1893.  Fruit,  of 
medium  size,  oblong  conical,  light  yellow  speckled  and  splashed  light  red,  pleasant 
subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Middle  of  July  to  last  of  August.  This  would  be  one  of 
the  best  summer  apples  for  family  use  but  does  not  ripen  evenly  enough  for  the  com- 
mercial grower. 

RED  SWEET  PIPPIN. —  Synonym  of  Moore's  sweet. 

RED  WINTER  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886 
and  were  dead  in  1887. 

RED  WARRIOR. — Synonym  of  Nickajack.  Four  trees  were  planted  under  this 
name.  One  proved  to  be  Sweet  Janet,  two  others  were  not  determined,  and  the  fourth 
died  without  fruiting. 

REFUGEE. — One  tree  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  Winesap. 

REINETTE  DANIEL. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879, 
and  died  in  1885.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  striped  dull  red,  subacid,  very  good  to  best  in 
quality.  Winter. 


1896.]  VARIETIES  OF  APPLES.  339 

REINETTE  DE  LA  CHINE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878  and  1879  and  both  died  between  1884  and  1886.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  russetted, 
sour,  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

REINETTE  DE  MADERE. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1885  and  the 
other  two  in  1887-8.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1886,  and  a  good, 
crop  in  1872.  Fruit,  large,  yellow,  often  russet,  subacid,  very  good  to  best  in  quality. 
Winter. 

REINETTE  DES  REINETTES. — Five  trees  were  planted.  Three  of  the  trees  died 
previous  to  1886,  one  died  in  1887,  and  the  other  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in 
1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1886,  1889,  1894,  and  1895,  a  light  crop 
in  1879,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate  or  roundish  oblate,, 
striped  dull  red,  subacid,  good  to  very  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

REINETTE  DE  THORN. — Two  trees  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  Kentish 
pippin.  One  tree  died  in  1885,  and  the  other  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in 
1895-6.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1889,  1890,  1894,  and  1895,  a  light  crop 
in  1879,  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1887.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish  oblate,  golden 
yellow,  with  some  russet,  rich  brisk  subacid,  very  good  to  best  in  quality.  Through 
winter. 

REINETTE  DOLBEAR. — Three  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879.  All  were  dead  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  large,  russet,  acid,  scarcely  good  in 
quality.  Winter. 

REINETTE  ELTE  KONNING  (Reinette  Edelkonig?'}.  —  Two  trees  were  planted. 
One  was  dead  in  1886,  and  the  other  bore  a  fair  crop  that  season  and  was  dead  before 
1888. 

REINETTE  GRIS  o'ANjou. — Two  trees  planted  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 1879.  i886T 
1889,  1890,  1894,  and  1895  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  lemon 
yellow,  rich  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September  and  October. 

REINETTE  SUISSE. — Synonym  of  Swiss  reinette.  Three  trees  were  planted.  These 
bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1880,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1886  and  all  were  dead 
before  1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate,  yellow,  only  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

RELISH. — Four  trees  were  planted.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879, 1886,. 
1889,  1894,  and  1895,  and  full  crops  in  1877  and  1888.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  oblate,, 
nearly  covered  red,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Season,  autumn. 

RIBSTON  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  and  were  dead  in  1886.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  more  or  less  russetted,  subacid, 
very  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

RICHMOND. — Four  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  these  died  in  1871  and  the  others 
bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879  and  were  dead  in  1885.  One  of  these  last  was  con- 
sidered true  and  very  promising;  the  other  was  not  true. 

RIJMER. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,. 
and  the  trees  were  all  dead  previous  to  1884.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  subacid, 
striped.  Autumn 

ROBERTSON'S  PEARMAIN. — Synonym  of  Red  winter  pearmain.     See  Red  fall  pippin. 

ROBEY'S  LIMBERTWIG. — Synonym  of  Limber  twig. 

ROCK  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  another  was  found 
which  had  been  planted  without  name.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879, 
and  fair  crops  in  1886,  1888,  and  1894.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblong  or  roundish  oblong, 
yellow  blushed,  subacid,  firm,  good  in  quality,  will  keep  until  August. 

ROYAL  LIMBERTWIG. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1884;  the  other  is 
still  in  excellent  condition.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  good  crops  in  1886, 
1888,  1890,  and  1895,  and  fair  crops  in  1889,  1893,  and  1894.  This  is  quite  distinct  from 
the  other  limbertwigs  though  still,  perhaps,  showing  a  relationship  in  both  tree  and 


340  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  [July, 

fruit.  Fruit,  above  medium  size,  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  marbled  dull  red,  pleasant 
subacid,  good  to  very  good  in  quality.  Late  winter  and  spring. 

ROYAL  RUSSET. — Three  trees  were  planted.  At  least  two  of  these  proved  to  be 
Red  Astrachan,  and  the  other  did  not  fruit. 

RUSSET. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  fruit  in  1884  and  1886  and  died  in 
1887.  Fruit,  late  winter,  russet,  subacid. 

RUSSET  CIDER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  inferior  apples  in  1886  and 
was  dead  in  1888. 

RUSSET  GREENING. — Three  trees  were  planted.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879  and  all  were  dead  in  1884.  P'ruit,  large,  oblate,  greenish,  somewhat  russet, 
subacid,  very  good  in  quality. 

RUSTY  COAT. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and 
1886  and  was  dead  in  1888.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  only  good  in  quality. 

SALLIE'S  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879  and  a  full  crop  in  1888  and  1889.  The  trees  were  in  good  health  when  taken  out 
in  1890.  Fruit,  rather  small,  roundish  conical,  striped  red,  sweetish,  only  good  in 
quality.  Late  fall  and  early  winter. 

SANTOUCHEE. — Four  trees  were  planted.  Two  of  these  died  before  1886,  another 
bore  a  fair  crop  that  season  and  all  were  dead  before  1888.  Of  no  value.  Fruit  too 
small  and  poor, 

SCARLET  GOLDEN  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  was  dead  in  1884. 
The  other  bore  a  fair  crop  of  poor  fruit  in  1886  and  was  dead  in  1888. 

SCHULL. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  inferior  apples  in  1886  and  was 
taken  out  in  1888. 

SCHRODER'S  BLACK. — Three  trees  were  planted.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1884,  1886,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1895  and  a  heavy  crop  in  1888.  The  trees  were  in 
first-rate  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  below  medium  in  siz.e,  oblate, 
greenish,  striped  dull  dark  red,  mild  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Last  of  winter  and 
during  spring. 

SHREEVE. — Synonym  of  Hannah.  Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The 
variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1890,  and  1894  and  fair  crops'  in  jS86  and  iS33.  It 
was  taken  out  in  1894-5.  Fruit,  large,  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  splashed  crimson,  sub- 
acid,  almost  poor  in  quality.  October  to  December. 

SCRIKNER'S  SPITZENBERG. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879.  The  tree  died  in  1885.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  roundish  oblate,  nearly  cov- 
ered red,  very  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — Synonym  of  Westfield  seek-no-furt/ier.  Three  trees  were 
planted.  One  tree  was  taken  out  in  1889  and  the  other  two  are  in  only  fair  condition  at 
present.  The  variety  has  born  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1886,  1889,  and  1893 
and  fair  or  full  crops  in  1888,  1890,  1891,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  medium  or  above  in 
size,  roundish  conical,  dull  yellow,  striped  dull  red,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  to  best 
in  quality.  October  to  January.  Valuable  for  late  fall  and  early  winter. 

SELXIA. — One  tree  was  planted.     It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and  was  dead  in  1890'. 

SHAKER  GREENING. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878, 
and  1879  and  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1886.  The  tree  was  dead  in  1890.  Fruit,  medium 
to  large  or  small,  with  a  full  crop,  oblate,  yellow,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Through 
winter. 

SHANNON. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  proved  to  be  American 
pippin  or  Grindstone.  The  variety  bore  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1888  and  a  few  apples  in 
1094  and  1895.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  oblate,  dull  yellow,  striped  dull  red,  mild  sub- 
acid,  only  good  in  quality.  January  to  June. 

SHARP  APPLE. — Two  trees  were  planted.     The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  34! 

1879,  iSSy,  1889,  and  1893  and  good  crops  in  1886,  1888,  1890,  1891,  1894,  and  1895. 
The  trees  are  still  in  good  health.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  size,  oblate,  pale  yellow, 
often  blushed,  very  pleasant  subacid,  almost  sweet,  very  good  to  best  in  quality.  Sep- 
tember and  first  of  October. 

SIIARPE'S  SWEET. — Same  as  S/iarp  apple. 

SHARPE'S  WINTER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1879  and  \\at 
dead  in  1884. 

SHEEPNOSE  and  SHEEPNOSE  (of  Virginia). — Seven  trees  were  planted  under  these 
names,  of  at  least  four  varieties.  One  of  the  varieties  proved  to  be  Kentucky  red 
streat,  two  of  them  were  not  determined,  and  the  fourth  seemed  to  be  true.  The  S/ieep- 
nose  bore  a  few  apples  in  iSyy,  1886,  1890,  and  1894  and  fair  crops  in  1884,  1888,  and 
1895.  Fruit  above  medium  size,  oblong  conic,  pale  lemon  yellow,  mild  subacid,  very 
good  in  quality.  Through  winter. 

SHEPPARD'S  SWEET. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  iSyy, 
1884,  and  1886.  One  tree  died  in  1885  and  the  other  in  i88y.  Fruit,  roundish,  small, 
sweet,  striped,  poor  in  quality. 

SHIAWASSE  BEAUTY. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1889, 
and  1890,  fair  crop  in  1879,  and  full  crop  in  iSSS.  Fruit,  above  medium  size,  oblate, 
nearly  covered  with  red,  sprightly  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  October  and  Novem- 
ber. Too  apt  to  be  imperfect. 

SHIPLEY  GREENING. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  some  fruit  in  1879  and  was 
dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  conical,  greenish,  sweet,  of  very  good  quality. 

SIMMONS' WINTER. — Four  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877 
and  again  in  1884.  The  first  year  the  fruit  was  medium  to  large,  very  good  in  quality, 
and  the  last,  small  and  poor.  The  only  remaining  tree  at  the  latter  date  was  nearly  dead. 

SLOAN'S  SEEDLING. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  produced  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879,  a  fair  crop  in  1884,  and  was  dead  in  1886.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  striped,  subacid, 
very  good  in  quality.  Winter.  Not  of  value. 

SMALL  RED  LONG  KEEPER. — Three  trees  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be 
Gilpin.  It  bore  good  crops  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1886,  and  1888,  and  was  taken  out  in 
1892—3.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  roundish,  red,  subacid,  almost  sweet,  very  good  in 
quality.  Late  winter  and  spring. 

SMALL  RED  (of  Purdy). — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886  and 
a  few  small  crops  nftcrsvards.  Fruit,  quite  small,  oblate,  red,  sour.  August.  Of  no 
value. 

SMITH'S  CIDER. — Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  one  under  the 
name  Poplar  Bluff.  All  were  dead  in  1886.  The  variety  bore  four  fair  crops.  Fruit, 
medium  to  large,  roundish  oblate,  striped  red,  subacid,  pleasant,  very  good  in  quality. 
Early  winter. 

-  UK  WINE. — See  Hominy. 

SOUTHERN  PEARMAIN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  some  fruit  in  1877  and  was 
dead  in  iSS6. 

SOUTHERN  WINTER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877, 
fair  crops  in  1878,  1879,  and  1886,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  The  trees  were  cut  out  in 
1891.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  roundish  conic,  greenish  yellow,  pleasant  subacid,  not 
rich,  quality  good  to  very  good.  Early  winter.  Use,  cooking. 

STAFFORD  RUSSET.-^TWO  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877, 
is;1*,  1^-4.  iS36.  1889,  1890,  and  1894,  small  crops  in  1879  and  1895,  and  a  full  crop  in 
1888.  The  trees  were  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  small, 
oblate  conic,  russetted,  mild  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Through  winter. 

SPARHAWK. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  was  dead  in  1884,  the  other  bore  a 
few  apples  in  i>>6  and  was  dead  in  iSSS. 


342  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

SPICE  RUSSET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  proved  to  be 
Summer  pound  royal  and  the  other  died  without  fruiting. 

SPREADING  BOUGH. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  still  stands  in  good  health  but  has 
not  fruited. 

SPRINGHILL  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1870  and  the  other 
was  in  good  condition  when  taken  out  in  1889.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  yellow  with  a 
blush,  sweetish,  only  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

SPRINGHILL  SPITZENBERG. — Two  trees  were  planted.     These  bore  a  few  apples  in 

1878  and  1879.     One  tree  was  dead  in  1884  and  the  other  died  in  1885.     Fruit,  medium 
to  large,  oblate,  bronze  color,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.     Winter. 

SPRINGPORT  PIPPIN. — Synonym  of  Spring  pippin.  Two  trees  were  planted  under 
this  name.  These  bore  a  good  crop  in  1879.  One  died  previous  to  1884  and  the  other 
in  1885.  Fruit,  sweet,  very  good.  September. 

SPRING  SWAAR. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  fruit  resembled 
Rhode  Island  greening.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1870,  1879,  1884,  and  1886. 
One  tree  was  dead  in  1884,  two  of  the  others  died  in  1887,  and  the  last  in  1889. 

STEPHENSON'S  WINTER. — Five  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  a  fair  crop  in 
1886.  One  tree  was  dead  in  1879,  another  in  1884  and  three  others  previous  to  1888. 
The  last  was  taken  out  in  1890. 

STREAKED  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted  and  both  were  in  good  condition 
when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  They  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884,  1889,  1891,  and 
1894  and  fair  crops  in  1886,  1888,  and  1895.  Fruit,  rather  large,  roundish,  striped  red, 
pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  November  and  December. 

STRIPED  GILLIFLOWER. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  the  name  of  Priestly. 
These  were  in  good  health  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1886  and  1895.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  ribbed,  pale  yellow  splashed  with  red,  pleasant 
subacid,  good  in  quality.  September  to  November. 

STURMER  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  died  without 
fruiting  and  the  other  proved  to  be  Large  yellow  Siberian  crab. 

STYX  (of  Coxe). — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879, 
and  the  tree  was  broken  down  and  was  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  pale 
greenish,  acid,  only  good.  Winter. 

SUMMER  BELLFLOWER. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  The  trees 
bore  a  few  small  winter  apples  in  1879  that  were  of  no  value.  One  tree  was  dead  in 
1884  and  the  others  died  in  1885. 

SUMMER  POUND  ROYAL. — Several  trees  were  planted.  The  variety  bore  good 
crops  in  1886,  1888,  1890,  1894,  and  1895  and  a  few  apples  in  1889,  1891,  1893.  Fruit, 
above  medium  size,  roundish  conical,  greenish  yellow,  mild,  subacid,  not  rich,  good  to 
very  good  in  quality.  August.  This  has  been  a  promising  variety  for  several  years. 

SUMMER  RAMBO. — Same  as  Rambour  Franc. 

SUMMER  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  in  two 
different  parts  of  the  orchard.  Only  a  part  of  the  trees  fruited  and  such  as  did  proved 
to  be  the  same  as  Dumeloivs  seedling. 

SUPERIOR  EARLY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  the  next  year,  the  other 
proved  to  be  Snow  or  Fameuse.  It  bore  fruit  in  1884  and  1886,  and  was  dead  in  1887. 

SURPRISE. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  good  crop  of  inferior  fruit  in  1886 
and  was  dead  in  1887. 

SUTTON: — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.     These  bore  fruit  in  1878  and 

1879  and  both  were  dead  in  1884.     Fruit,  above  medium  size,  pale  yellow  with  bronze 
blush,  subacid.  very  good.     August  and  September. 

SWASEY. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name,  but  it  proved  to  be  Sweet  bell- 
flower  of  Wyandotte  Co. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  343 

SWEET  BELLE  ET  BONNE. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  proved  to 
be  American  pippin  or  Grindstone. 

SWEET  BELLFLOWER  (of  Pa.). — Same  as  Sweet  bellflower  of  Wyandotte  Co.  There 
were  three  trees.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1889,  1891,  and  1893,  a  fair 
crop  in  1886,  and  a  full  crops  in  1888,  1890,  1894,  and  1895.  The  trees  are  still  in 
excellent  condition.  Fruit,  large,  roundish  conic,  russet,  occasionally  blushed,  rich, 
sweet,  very  good  in  quality.  September  to  last  of  November. 

SWEET  BELLFLOWER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1889, 
1891,  and  1894,  and  fair  crops  in  1888  and  1895.  The  tree  was  in  fair  condition  when 
taken  out  1895-6.  Fruit  above  medium  size,  roundish  conical,  angular,  yellow,  very 
mild  subacid  or  sweet,  very  good  in  quality.  Last  of  August  and  first  of  September. 

SWEET  CRAB. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  was  a  crab,  but  quite 
sour.  The  tree  bore  some  fruit  in  1879  and  was  dead  in  1885. 

SWEET  DOCTOR. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879 
and  was  dead  soon  after.  Fruit,  large,  roundish  oblate,  striped  red,  sweet,  good  in 
quality.  October. 

SWEET  JANET. — Three  trees  were  planted,  one  under  this  name,  one  as  Red 
warrior,  and  the  other  as  Turner.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1886,  1888, 
1891,  and  fair  crops  in  1892,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit,  large,  almost  round,  striped,  and 
nearly  covered  with  red,  sweet,  not  rich,  good  to  very  goo'd  in  quality.  October  and 
November.  The  tree  has  the  late  blooming  habit  of  Rawle's  Janet. 

SWEET  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877  and 
again  in  1884,  and  the  trees  were  dead  in  1886.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  yellow,  sweet, 
only  good  in  quality.  Late  fall. 

SWEET  VANDERVERE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  fair  crops  in  1878 
and  1879,  and  a  few  apples  in  1884,  and  were  taken  out  because  nearly  dead  in  1885. 
Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  striped  red,  sweet,  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

TAUNTON. — Two  trees  were  planted.     These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877.     One  was  • 
dead  in   1884  and  the  other  died  in  1885-6.     Fruit,  above  medium  size,  oblate,  striped 
red,  subacid,  good  in  quality. 

TAYLOR'S  HARVEST. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879, 
1890,  and  1893,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  full  crops  in  1888,  1891,  1894,  and  1895.  Fruit, 
medium  to  large,  roundish  oblate,  pale  yellow,  subacid,  good  to  very  good  for  kitchen. 
August.  The  tree  is  still  in  excellent  health. 

TEUBNER'S  CIDER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877, 
1878,  1879,  and  1886.  One  tree  was  dead  in  1886  and  the  other  died  in  1887. 

TEXAN  RED. — One  tree  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  an  unknown  small 
crab,  the  same  as  the  one  planted  as  Oblong  crab. 

THORNBERRY. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1895  and 
a  light  crop  in  1879.  Fruit,  above  medium  size,  oblate,  yellow  with  a  blush,  subacid, 
very  good  in  quality.  Winter.  The  tree  is  in  fair  condition  still. 

TINMOUTH  SWEET. — Not  a  sweet  apple.  The  proper  name  is  TINMOUTH.  Two 
trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1887  and  the  other  was  in  good  condition  when  taken 
out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate  conic,  lemon  yellow,  often  blushed,  brisk  sub- 
acid,  good  in  quality.  Through  winter. 

TRADER'S  FANCY. — Four  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the  orchard. 
The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1884,  1886,  1889,  1890,  1891,  1894,  1895,  and  fair 
crops  in  1879  and  1888.  One  tree  was  dead  in  1884,  another  in  1886,  a  third  in  1888 
and  the  fourth  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6. 

TRADER'S  RED. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877  and  1879, 
and  the  tree  was  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  greenish,  very  good  in  quality. 
Late  winter. 


344  BULLETIN   NO.   45.  \July, 

TRIUMPHANT. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name,  one  of  which  proved  not 
true.  The  variety  was  an  abundant  bearer  of  fine  crabs,  but  was  exceedingly  liable  to 
blight.  Fruit,  rather  large  for  a  crab,  roundish,  nearly  covered  with  red.  August. 

TUFTS. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879 
1886,  1889,  1890,  1894,  and  1895,  and  a  fair  crop  in  1888.  All  the  trees  were  in  fair  con- 
dition when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  rather  large,  roundish  oblate,  striped  and 
shaded  red,  pleasant  rich  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Autumn. 

TULPEHOCKEN. — Synonym  of  Fallawater.  One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name 
and  two  others  without  name.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  1889,  1890,  1891, 
1894,  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  The  trees  were  in  poor  condition  when  taken 
out.  Fruit,  large,  roundish,  greenish  with  a  blush,  mild  subacid,  good  in  quality.  Late 
fall  and  early  winter. 

TURNER'S  SEEDLING. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  died  with- 
out fruiting  and  the  other  proved  to  be  Sweet  Janet. 

TURN  OFF  LANE. — Three  trees  were  planted,  one  without  name.  All  the  trees 
were  in  good  health  when  taken  out.  Fruit,  small  to  medium  size,  oblate  conic,  striped 
red,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Through  winter.  The  variety  has  borne  a 
few  apples  four  times  and  fair  crops  three  times. 

TUSCALOOSA. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and 
a  fair  crop  in  1886.  and  was  dead  in  1887.  Fruit,  large,  striped  red,  subacid,  poor  to 
good  in  quality.  Winter. 

UCHELLA. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  proved  to  be  Maiden's 
blush. 

ULLOA.— One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  a  fair  crop 
in  1886,  and  was  dead  in  1888.  Fruit,  small,  red,  sweet,  of  very  good  quality.  August 
and  September. 

UNION  and  UNION  CRAB. — One  tree  of  each  was  planted.  It  is  a  native  crab 
(Pvrus  coronaria)  only  a  little  larger  than  the  average.  The  trees  were  very  productive. 

UTTER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878.  1879, 
1889,  1891,  and  1894,  fair  crops  in  1884  and  1890,  and  full  crops  in  1886,  1888,  and  1895. 
The  trees  are  still  in  good  health.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  roundish  or  oblate  conic, 
striped  red,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September  and  October. 

VAUGHAN'S  WINTER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879,  and  were  dead  in  1886.  Fruit,  of  medium  size,  good  to  very  good  in  quality. 
Late  winter. 

VERMONT  BEAUTY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  without  fruiting  and  the 
other  proved  to  be  Large  yellow  Siberian  crab. 

VICTUALS. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and 
was  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  oblate  conic,  yellow,  sweet,  very  good  in  quality.  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

VIRGINIA  JULY. — Five  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and 
1879.  Four  of  the  trees  were  dead  in  1884,  and  the  other  died  in  1885.  Fruit,  large, 
oblate,  yellow,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September. 

VIRGINIA  RED  PIPPIN  {Virginia  pippin?}. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this 
name.  One  proved  to  be  a  subacid,  and  the  other  sweet. 

VIRGINIA  RED  STREAK. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878  and  1879,  and  all  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  marbled  red  with 
russet,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

WALKUP  SEEDLING. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878, 
1879,  and  1893,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  full  crops  in  1888,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  1395. 
One  tree  was  dead  in  1884  and  the  other  two  were  in  good  health  when  taken  out  in 
1895-6.  Fruit,  small,  roundish  oblong,  yellow,  subacid,  aromatic,  only  good  in  quality. 
August.  Not  of  value. 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  345 

WALTHAM  ABBEY. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  proved  to  be  the  same 
as  Walkup  seedling.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879.  All  the  trees 
were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  sweetish,  very  good  in  quality.  September. 

WARD'S  LATE  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1886.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  only  good  in  quality.  Not  attractive 
and  not  valuable. 

WATER  (of  Penn.). — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  was'  dead  in  1884,  but  the 
other  is  still  in  good  condition.  This  tree  bore  fair  crops  in  1886,  1890,  1891,  1894,  and 
1895,  a  full  crop  in  1888,  and  a  few  apples  in  1887,  1889,  and  1893.  Fruit,  large, 
roundish,  striped  red,  pleasant  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  September. 

WAX  APPLE. — Two  trees  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  Lady  apple. 

WELLFORD'S  YELLOW. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name.  It  bore  small 
crops  in  1889,  1890,  and  1895,  and  a  few  apples  in  1889  and  1894.  The  fruit  does  not 
answer  to  Downing's  description  of  Wellford's  yellow,  but  answers  very  well  to 
Menonisten  reinette.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate  conic,  light  yellow,  marbled  dull  red  in 
sun,  brisk  subacid,  rich,  very  good  in  quality.  November  to  January. 

WELLS  (of  Ohio). — Synonym  of  Dominie.  Two  trees  were  planted.  A  few 
apples  were  borne  in  1879.  Both  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  subacid.  very  good. 
Winter. 

WESTERN  BEAUTY. — Synonym  of  Beauty  of  the  west.  One  tree  was  planted.  It 
bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879,  and  was  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  roundish, 
oblate,  striped,  rich  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Late  autumn. 

WESTERN  SPY. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  in  1885  and  the  other,  which 
bore  a  fair  crop  of  fruit  in  1886,  was  dead  a  year  later. 

WESTFIELD  SEEK-NO-FURTHER. — See  Seek-no-further. 

WETHERILL'S  WHITE  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878  and  1879  and  was  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  yellow,  sweet,  very  good  in 
quality.  Autumn. 

WHITE  PEARMAIN. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  was  dead  in  1884,  the  other 
bore  a  few  applts  in  1886,  and  was  dead  in  1887. 

WHITE  RAWLE'S  JANET. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  was 
Red  stripe  and  the  other  a  fruit  similar  to  White  winter  pear  main. 

WHITE  ROBINSON. — Three  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  proved  to  be 
the  same  as  Winter  sweet  paradise. 

WHITE  SWEET. — One  tree  was  planted.  This  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1878,  a  few  apples 
in  1879,  and  was  dead  in  1886.  Fruit,  medium  size,  sweet,  very  good  in  quality. 

WHITE  WINTER  PIPPIN. — Two  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  was 
dead  in  1884.  The  other  bore  a  few  imperfect  apples  that  year,  but  was  in  poor  condi- 
tion and  died  the  next  year. 

WHITE'S  LONG  KEEPER. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  was  dead  in  1879  and  the 
other  died  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1878  and  a  few  apples  in  1879  and 
1886.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate,  striped  red,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Late 
winter  or  spring. 

WHITE  WINTER. — One  tree  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  Late  strawberry. 

WHITE  ZURDEL. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  were  in  excellent  condition 
when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  The  trees  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1891,  and  1893,  fair 
crops  in  1886,  1889,  and  1894,  and  full  crops  in  1888,  1890,  and  1895.  Fruit,  large, 
roundish,  greenish  yellow,  subacid,  good  in  quality  for  cooking.  October.  Somewhat 
similar  to  Holland  pippin. 

WHITNEY'S  No.  14. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  before  1886.  The  other 
bore  a  fair  crop  that  year  and  was  dead  in  1888.  Fruit,  small,  pleasant  subacid.  Autumn. 
Not  valuable. 


346  BULLETIN   NO.   45. 

WHITNEY'S  No.  20. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  has  records  of  bearing  but  two 
crops,  1886  and  1888.  The  tree  was  taken  out  in  1889.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  conical, 
striped  red,  very  pleasant,  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  August. 

WILEY'S  GREENING. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878 
and  1879,  and  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  medium  size,  oblate,  greenish,  with  a"  blush, 
sour,  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

WILLIAM. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  fair  crop  of  large  very  good  apples 
in  1879,  but  was  dead  in  1886. 

WILLIAM  PRINCE. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  fair  crop  in  1878, 
1879,  1886,  1889,  1890,  and  1894,  full  crops  in  1884,  1888,  and  1891,  and  a  few  apples  in 
1892.  The  trees  were  in  rather  poor  condition  when  taken  out  in  1894-5.  Fruit, 
medium  size,  or  below,  oblate  conic,  yellowish  green,  striped  red,  pleasant  subacid,  good 
to  very  good  in  quality.  July.  Apt  to  be  water-cored. 

WILLOW  {Willow  twig). — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  of  these  died  before 
fruiting,  another  was  dead  in  1884,  and  the  third  was  nearly  dead  when  cut  out  in 
1879.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884,  fair  crops  in  1878  and  1886,  and  a  full 
crop  in  1879.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  roundish,  greenish,  with  more  or  less  red,  brisk 
subacid,  good  to  very  good.  Late  winter. 

WILSON'S  LARGE  RED. — Three  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1877  and  all  were  dead  in  1884.  Fruit,  large,  oblate  conical,  striped  red,  only  good  in 
quality. 

WILSON'S  SUMMER. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name  and  two  under  the 
the  name  of  Wilson's  sweet.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878,  1879,  1884, 
1889,  1891,  and  1894,  and  fair  or  full  crops  in  1886,  1888,  1890,  and  1895.  Fruit,  below 
medium  size,  oblate  conic,  nearly  covered  with  red,  subacid,  almost  sweet,  good  in 
quality.  August.  Of  no  special  value. 

WILSON'S  SWEET. — Two  trees  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  Wilsons 
summer. 

WINE  OF  KANSAS. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  died  the  same  year  and  the 
other  in  1887.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879.  Fruit,  large,  oblate, 
almost  sweet,  very  good  in  quality.  Early  winter. 

WINESAP. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  was  dead  in  1886  and  the  other  was  in 
poor  condition  when  taken  out  in  1892-3.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879, 
1889,  1890,  and  1891,  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  Fruit,  small  to  medium,  oblate 
conic,  shaded  dark  red,  rich  subacid,  very  good  in  quality.  Late  winter. 

WINTER  GREEN. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  imperfect  apples  in  1886 
and  was  dead  in  1888. 

WINTER  PEACH. — Same  as  Peach. 

WINTER  RED. — Two  trees  were  planted.  One  tree  died  in  1887  and  the  other  was 
in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  1884, 
1889,  1890,  and  1895.  and  fair  crops  in  1886  and  1888.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  oblate, 
striped  light  red,  mild  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  Late  winter. 

WINTER  STRAWBERRY. — Four  trees  were  planted  in  two  different  parts  of  the 
orchard.  The  variety  bore  a  few  imperfect  apples  in  1886.  One  tree  lived  until  taken 
out  in  1895-6  without  fruiting  again. 

WINTER  SPICE. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in  1877,  1878, 
1879,  and  1886.  The  trees  were  in  poor  condition  when  taken  out  in  1887.  Fruit,  of 
medium  size,  oblong  conic,  sweet,  only  good  in  quality.  Winter. 

WINTER  SWEET. — Four  trees  were  planted  under  this  name.  One  died  without 
fruiting,  another  proved  to  be  the  same  as  Harrison,  and  the  other  two  were  an  unknown 
subacid,  late  fall  apple,  of  little  value. 

WINTER   SWEET   PARADISE. — One  tree  was  planted  under  this  name  and  three 


1896.]  VARIETIES   OF   APPLES.  347 

under  the  name  of  White  Robinson.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1886,  1890,  1891, 
1894,  and  1895,  and  a  fair  crop  in  iS88.  The  trees  were  all  in  fair  condition  when  taken 
out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  medium  to  large,  round,  light  yellow,  sweet,  aromatic,  good  to 
very  good  in  quality.  Through  winter.  This  variety  does  not  agree  with  Downing's 
or  Thomas's  descriptions,  but  does  agree  with  Warder's  description  under  the  name 
Paradise  winter  sweet. 

WINTHROP  GREENING. — Two  trees  were  planted.  These  bore  a  few  apples  in 
1878,  1889,  1891,  1894,  and  fair  crops  in  1879,  1886,  1888.  One  tree  was  blown  down 
in  1889  and  the  other  was  in  fair  condition  when  taken  out  in  1895-6.  Fruit,  medium 
size,  oblate,  greenish  yellow,  subacid,  almost  sweet,  rich,  very  good  in  quality.  September. 

WOOD'S  SWEET. — One  tree  planted  under  this  name  proved  to  be  a  small  apple, 
but  answered  fairly  to  the  description  of  Wood's  sweet  in  other  ways.  It  bore  a  few 
apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1891,  a  fair  crop  in  1886,  and  a  full  crop  in  1888.  The  tree 
was  taken  out  in  1892-3. 

WRIGHT'S  JANET. — Same  as  Bastard  Janet.     (See  page  313.) 

YATES. — Three  trees  were  planted.  One  was  dead  in  1884,  another  in  1886,  and 
the  third  was  cut  out  in  1894-5.  The  variety  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878,  1879,  and  1893, 
and  good  or  fair  crops  in  1877,  1886,  and  1888.  Fruit,  small,  oblate,  conic,  nearly 
covered  red,  flesh  colored  red,  subacid,  pleasant,  of  very  good  quality.  Through  winter 
until  May. 

YELLOW  CRAB. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1878  and  1879, 
and  was  dead  in  1886. 

YELLOW  JUNE. — Five  trees  were  planted  under  this  name  and  at  least  two  varie- 
ties fruited.  One  was  a  large  oblate  apple,  shaded  red,  in  season  in  September  and 
October,  and  the  other  was  Early  harvest. 

YELLOW  MAY. — Synonym  of  Juneating.  Three  trees  were  planted  under  this 
name  and  another  under  the  name  of  Rare  ripe.  The  first  three  soon  died  without  fruit- 
ing. The  last  bore  several  fair  to  good  crops,  beginning  with  1888,  and  died  in  1893-4. 
Fruit,  small,  roundish,  pale  yellow,  subacid,  only  good  in  quality.  First  of  July. 

ZAWSEN  VON  WELTER. — One  tree  was  planted.  It  bore  a  few  apples  in  1884  and 
1886,  and  was  dead  in  1888.  Fruit,  small,  roundish,  subacid,  striped  red,  only  good  in 
quality.  Winter. 

Some  trees  died  before  they  fruited.  A  list  of  these  is  given 
so  that  the  reader  may  get  a  more  accurate  idea  of  the  extent  of 
the  planting  than  he  would  from  the  foregoing  descriptions  alone. 
Also  some  eighty  so-called  varieties  were  planted  which  did  not 
prove  true  and  were  not  determined. 

TREES  PLANTED  WHICH  DID  NOT  LIVE  TO  BEAR  FRUIT. 

Adams,  Alabama  pippin,  Allen's  pippin,  Allen's  sweet,  Alphian,  Amelia,  American 
marigold,  American  summer  pippin,  Andrews'  red,  Ananas  reinette,  Aucubifolia  crab, 
Austin  sweet,  Autumn  bough,  Autumn  sweet  bough,  Averill.  Baccolinus,  Baker,  Bals- 
burg,  Baltimore,  Beauty  of  Kent,  Beauty  of  the  West.  Belle  des  jardens,  Benjamite, 
Berry,  Best,  Sevan's  favorite,  Bidet,  Blackburn,  Black  Detroit,  Black  crab,  Black  gilli- 
flower.  Black  hawk,  Black  Annette,  Black  warrior,  Blanche  precoce,  Bledsoe,  Bledsoe 
pippin,  Boran's  winter,  Brabant  bellflower,  Brennaman,  Brewer,  Brittle  sweet,  Brooks' s 
pippin,  Br uce's  summer,  Burnan's  sweet,  Burroughs'  greening.  Burr's  winter,  Bush, 
Butler  of  Indiana,  Cache,  Canada  reinette.  Cannon  pearmain,  Carolina  red  streak,  Caro- 
line (of  N.  J.),  Carpenter's  winter,  Cat/iead(o{  Penn.).  Cathead  (of  Jones),  Cedar  Falls, 
Challenge.  Champagne  crab,  Chace's  seedling,  Cluster  Spitzenberg,  Cherokee  red,  Chestood, 


348  BULLETIN   NO.    45.  \July,     1896.] 

Coe's  golden  drop,  Compte  d'Orloff,  Compton,  Congress,  Cook,  Cook's  red,  Cooper  s  early 
white,  Cornell's  fancy,  Cox's  orange  pippin,  Cranberry  pippin,  Crane's  spice,  Crawford's 
keeper.  Crimson  pippin,  Crow's  nest,  Curtis's  sweet,  Dahlongea,  Dodd's  apple,  Dodd's 
favorite,  Donahue's  late  blossom,  Donahue's  seedling,  Dpicen  sweet,  Early  German,  Early 
red,  Eggermonfs  Calville,  Emperor,  English  crab,  English  golden  pippin,  English  red 
streak,  Epting's  red,  Equinetely,  Evening  par  ty,  Ewalt,  Excel,  Exquisite,  Fall  beatttv.  Fall 
pear  main,  Fall  wine.  Father  Abraham,  Favorite,  Fenonillet  de  la  Cline,  Ferdinand,  Fine 
juicy  fed,  Fine  early,  Firm  Walter,  Flora,  Flower  of  Kent,  Foxley  crab,  French  apple, 
Fulton's  summer,  Garrettson's  early,  Gelbe  gestreift,  Genesee  chief ^  Gestreifter  sommer 
apfel,  Garden's  seedling,  Goudie,  Grab,  Graf  ton  sweet,  Green  bellflower,  Green  crank, 
Green  Mountain  russet,  Green  pippin,  Green  sweet  (of  Penn.),  Hague,  Hain,  Hall, 
Harris,  Hart's  pippin,  Have  apple,  Hocket's  sweet,  Holdfast,  Holland  pippin,  Hoover, 
Hoover's  June,  Horse  yellow,  House  apple,  Howard's  Edgemont,  Howe's  russet,  Imperial 
pearmain,  Indian,  Indiana  winter,  John  Carter,  Keim,  Kennedy  red,  Kentucky  king, 
Kentucky  long  stem,  Kentucky  queen,  Kitita,  King,  King  apple,  King  russet,  Knowle's 
early,  Krauser,  Kyle's  winter,  La  Fayette,  Lake,  Lancaster  Co.,  Large  May,  Late  pippin, 
Lawver,  Lincoln,  Locust  grove,  Long  Island  russet,  Long  stem  sweet,  Lowrie's,  Ludwig, 
Lyon's  pippin,  McDonald's  red,  Maiden's  bosom,  Mann,  Marks,  Marston's  red  winter, 
M assay  s  seedling,  Mas  ten's  seedling.  Mattock's  summer,  Mattamusket,  Mead's  keeper,  Me- 
dium red  long  keeper,  Meigs,  Merwin,  Michael's  sweet,  Missouri  pearmain,  Missouri  supe- 
rior, Moulton's  winter,  Naig's  August,  Needles,  Never  sink,  Norfolk  beanfin,  N,  C.  Baldwin, 
Nouvelles  imperial,  Nursery  Oconee  greening,  Osborne's  cfieese,  Panden  sweet,  Parker, 
Park's  spice,  Parrot  reinette,  Partnership,  Passe  'lettres,  Pearmain  russet,  Pepin  d'or  de 
larg,  Perkins,  Perkins's  winter,  Pippin  of  Mosely,  Pittsburg,  Pioneer,  Platte  a  groose 
queue,  Poland  winter,  Pommaria  greening,  Pomme  de  lettres,  Pound  Georgia,  Pound's 
July,  President,  Pride  of  Richmond,  Prior's  red,  Private,  Ragan's  red  sweet,  Rebecca, 
Red  cathead,  Red  and  green  sweet,  Red  jtineating,  Red  May,  Red  pippin  (of  Md.),  Red 
sweet,  Reinette,  Reinette  d'Anjou,  Reinette  de  Bretange,  Reinette  de  Canterbury,  Reinette 
Franche,  Reinette  de  Ver~sailles,  Reinette  Dore",  Reinette  grise  Fransaise,  Reinette  onze, 
Richmond  sweet,  Rich  spicy,  Ridge  pippin,  Riviere,  Roadstown  pippin,  Robertson's  red, 
Robertson's  superb,  Robey's  seedling,  Rock,  Rock  sweet,  Rnsea,  Royal  russet,  Russeting, 
September,  Shaker,  Sharpe's  greening,  Shiloh  pippin,  Shepley's,  Shippen,  Shippen's  russet, 
Sine  qua  non,  Sink,  Smokey  twig,  Somerset,  Southern  Pennock,  Southern  winter  king, 
Souttiern  qtieen,  Spitzenberg,  Stanard,  Sir  awn' s  seedling,  Sugarloaf  pippin,  Summer 
Janet,  Summerout,  Summer  rose,  Summer  sweet  paradise,  Sweet  June,  Sweet  meat, 
Syoset,  Tillaqua,  Transparent  de  Rouen  crab  (synonym  of  Rouen  transparent^), 
Turney's  greening,  Uncle  John,  Unique,  Vestal,  Virginia  cathead,  Wagener,  Wall, 
Walpole,  Washington  sweet,  Watauga,  Waugh's  crab,  Weidner's  golden  reinette,  West's 
Spitzenberg,  Wiley's  sweet,  Willow  leaf,  Winslow,  Winter  buff,  Winter  cheese  (ot  Ky.), 
Winter  Harvey,  Winter  red  streak.  Wood's  winter,  Wonder,  Yacht,  Yahoola,  Yellow 
bough,  Yellow  Newton  pippin,  York  imperial. 

T.  J.  BURRILL,  PH.  D.,  Horticulturist. 

G.  W.  McCLUER,  M.  S.,  Assistant  Horticulturist. 


